exam 2 Flashcards by Tosha Boyd

what are the clinical endpoints of periodontal therapy?

bleeding on probing eliminated

probing depths reduced

attachment levels same or improved
inflammation is resolved

gingival appearance : reduced size normal color

subgingival microflora is lowered in numbers and there is a delay in repopulation

dental biofilm control record shows no improvement scores approaching 100% biofilm free

tooth surface is smooth no biofilm retentive irregularities

quality of life factors = oral comfort with freedom from pain

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action created by the formation and collapse of bubbles in water by high frequency sound waves surrounding an ultra sonic tip

cavitation

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face of a universal curet?

perpendicular (at a 90 degree angle to the lower shank)

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these are used for subgingival scaling for removal of as much calculus as possible

universal curets

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may have paired or complementary working ends. paired working ends are used for access to proximal surfaces from facial or lingual or palatial aspects

double ended instrument

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What is an O ring for an ultra sonic scaler?

seals water to the hand piece

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what are the characteristics of piezoelectric?

ceramic rod in the hand piece

activated by dimensional changed in quarts housed in hand piece

tip moves in linear pattern, forward and backward

omg lateral surfaces of the tip are active

adjustment at every line angle to maintain correct adaptation

25,000-50,000 cps

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a curved, rounded dental instrument utilized for scaling, root planing, and gingival curettage

Curet

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angulation and stroke of scaler?

the face of the blade is adapted to the tooth surface at approx 70 degree angle

pull stroke only

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hollow handles are lighter and preferred to solid handles bc they have enhanced tactile sensitivity and lessen fatigue

weight

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these are area specific curets which means that each curet is designed for adaptation to specific surfaces

graceys

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what is the ideal instrument for comfort and best tactile sensitivity?

light weight, serrated, hollow handle with 3/8 or 5/16 inch diameter

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a very fine line where two surfaces meet (example-the face and lateral surfaces meet to form the sharp cutting edge of a curet)

cutting edge

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What is the treatment plan for a case type 3 or 4?

by quadrants with or without anesthesia at 1 week intervals

2 quads of the same side (right or left) may be completed in one appointment

examine quads previously treated for evidence of healing at each appt.

calculus left can be removed by remedial scaling procedures

at least 2 weeks after the scaling series, healing of the tissues is expected to be well under way. restoration of the clinical attachment permits probing.

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these meet or are continuous (as in the rounded back of a curet) to form the back of the instrument

lateral surfaces

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reduced length for special adaptation to root curvatures difffult to access

blade of area specific curets

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how is the face on a curved / sickle scaler?

converged with the two lateral surfaces to form the tip of the scaler, which is a sharp point

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internal angles of a curet?

70-80 degrees are formed where lateral surfaces meet the face

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objective of area specific curet

to facilitate access to the base of deeper pockets

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type of mechanical power driven scaler that functions from energy delivered by vibrating working tip in the frequency of 2,500-7,000 cps; driven by compressed air, the hand piece connects directly to a conventional rotary hand piece tubing

sonic scaler

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the minimal pressure that is required of an instrument against the tooth to accomplish the objective of the assessment or treatment

lateral pressure

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how is the back or under surface of a curet?

rounded

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what are the 2 types of ultrasonic scalers?

magnetostrictive ultrasonic

piezo ultrasonic

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purpose of scaler?

removal of supragingival calculus

using subgingival my can cause undue trauma to the gingival tissue and risk of scratching cemental surface

tactile sensitivity is decreased with larger heavier blades

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what are the sharp parts of a blade?

cutting edge and lateral surfaces

ultrasonic scaling device activated by dimensional changes in crystals housed in the hand piece

piezoelectric

use of specific chemical or pharmaceutical agents for the control or destruction of microorganisms, either systemically or at specific sites

antimicrobial therapy

not responding to usually treatment

refractory

relationship between the working end of an instrument and the tooth surface being treated

adaptation

magnetostrictive inserts made of slat metal strips stacked, or sandwiched together. metal in stacks act like an antenna to pick up magnetic field and cause vibration

stack

instruments are made with shanks of varying degrees of thickness and rigidity that relate to the purpose for which they're used. a heavier shank is stronger and able to withstand greater pressure without flexing. these are needed for heavy calculus removal.. less rigid more flexible shanks provide more tactile sensitivity and are used for more fine deposits

flexibility

Common posture for holding a dental instrument between thumb pads and index finger, with side of middle finger either supporting shank or placed lower on the handle. The fourth finger is used as a fulcrum (finger rest).

modified pen grasp

cross section of blade of a curet?

shaped like a half circle

how are the working ends on area specific curets?

paired mirror image, usually placed on a single handle. the original seven pairs are numbers 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14

how is the shank for anterior teeth on curets?

shank, blade, and handle may be in a relatively flat plane for curets primarily adaptable to anterior teeth

curets with slender shank alllws entrance into the sulcus or pockets with minimal trauma to the gingival margin. the rounded back minimized possible trauma at the base of the pocket

design of curet

single ended instrument has how many working ends?

one

power driven scaling instrument that operates in a frequency range between 25,000 and 50,000 cps to convert a high frequency electrical current into mechanical vibrations

ultrasonic scaler

cutting edge of a universal curet?

continuous around the face; used on both sides and around the toe

what are the three brand names of local delivery antibiotic agents used for unresponsive areas during periodontal therapy?

Mini cyclone HCL (Arestin) Doxycycline Polymer (Atridox) Chlorhexadine Chip (Periochip)

paired instruments are mirror images of each other to provide access to the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth. one adapts from the facial and other from lingual and palatial aspects

modified or contra angle of scaler

this connects the working end with the handle.. shape and rigidity of the this determines access of the working end to accomplish the intended purpose for which the instrument is designed

shank

LPS complex found in the cell wall of many gram negative microorganisms. contained superficially within periodontal involved cementum

endotoxin

cutting edge of an area specific curet?

continuous around the face

follow for fine scaling and root planing

area specific curet

the support or point of test on which a lever turns in a moving body. this is always used when instruments are applied to the teeth and gingiva

fulcrum / finger rest

shank of area specific curets

terminal (lower shank) elongated by 3 mm to adapt in deeper pockets

when is a single appointment adequate?

case type 1 or 2 | only a few teeth present

overall design

handle

objectives of a finger rest:

``` stability unit control prevention of injury comfort for patient control of length stroke ```

what are the characteristics of magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler?

utilities stack of metal strips in the hand piece vibrations in the tip creating a magnetic field tips are moved in an elliptical pattern = all surfaces of tip are active frequency 18,000-45,000 cycles per second

how are the cutting edges in curets?

curve around to meet at the toe

how are the working ends of a universal curet?

paired mirror image, usually placed on a single handle

the blade of an area specific gracey curet in which the lower shank is at a 60 degree angle to the face of the blade. contrars with a universal curet blade which is at a 90 degree angle with the lower shank

offset blade

face of an area specific curet?

offset (at an angle of approximately 70 degrees) in relation to the lower shank

the therapeutic washing of pocket and root surface to remove endotoxins and loose debris

lavage

how many cutting edges does a curved/sickle scaler have?

two cutting edges on a curved blade

use of dental mouth mirror to view the area of instrumentation. indirect lighting is provided by the mirror

indirect vision

ultrasonic scaling device that generates a magnetic field and produces tip vibrations by the expansion and contraction of a metal stack or rod

magnetostrictive

the blade forms a 70 degree angle within the tooth

angulation of curet

curet designed for use on any tooth surface where the adaptation, angulation and other principles of instrumentation can be correctly and effectively accomplished

universal curet

refers to that part used to carry out the purpose and function of the instrument. each is unique to the particular instrument. the blade is this

working end

this is essential for effective, controlled action of instrument

stability

what are the three major parts of an instrument?

working end shank handle

serrations- handles. at be smooth, rubbed or knurled. for control and comfort without muscle fatigue, a smooth handle is avoided

surface texture

what combination may non surgical therapy include?

removal of plaque, calculus, endotoxins, and other bacterial products. root planing to remove residual calculus and create smoother surface irrigation using an antimicrobial agent sustained release antibiotic or antimicrobial agent particularly for refractory infections (ex: arrestin and chlorhexidine) removal of iatrogenic biofilm retainers concurrent dental therapeutic interventions analysis and correction of occlusal caries

section of the shank is adjacent to the blade. it is sometimes elongated to give better access to deeper pockets (example- gracey after 5's)

lower or terminal shank

what is the standard instrument for subgingival scaling and root planing?

curets

sequence of treatment instruments:

``` EXD 11/12 explorer ultra sonic scalers universal curet area specific curet ```

in cross section, how is a curved/sickle scaler?

triangular

angulation of shank for scaler

adaptable to primarily for anterior teeth, although may be used for scaling pre molars when the lols and cheeks permit retraction for correct angulation

what type of stroke is used for curets?

pull strike only. applied in vertical, horizontal, or oblique directions

four diameters of handles are available (3/8, 5/16, 1/4, and 3/16 inch).

diameter

adaptation and angulation of universal curet?

determine the side that is correct for the surface being treated

Deposit that has had the outermost layer removed so the surface is smooth; difficult to remove because the cutting

burnished calculus

straight shanks are for unrestricted areas, while angles are for more restricted areas

shape of shank

instrument designed for initial removal of calculus prior to finishing with a curet

scaler

after ultrasonic cleaning to complete the procedure as needed. removal of supragingival calculus close to the gingival margin

curet

how many blades does a curet have?

one or two cutting edges on a curved blade

how is the shank on posterior teeth?

the shank is contra angled for access to proximal surfaces (curvey)

describe the face of a curet.

flat in cross section

toe third or lower third of the cutting edge is maintained on the tooth surface at all times

adaptation of curet

characteristics of a straight / jacquette scaler

two cutting edges on a straight blade, face is flat

specialized instrument designed with specific angles in the shank for adaptation to a certain group of tooth surfaces

area specific curets

separable from the shank and working end. they permit instrument enhances and replacements

cone socket