exam 3

Question 1

this is a cationic bisbiguanide with broad antibacterial activity that binds to the oral hard and soft tissues and attaches to bacterial cell membrane, thereby adamaging the cytoplasm causing lysis

Answer 1

chlorhexadine

Question 2

what are local self care methods for delivering chemical agents?

Answer 2

tooth brushing, rinsing, and irrigation

Question 3

this type of implant is when inflammation is present, but no mobility.. consult a surgeon if no response to treatment within two weeks

Answer 3

ailing implant

Question 4

this is an implant placed within the bone to replace a single tooth to provide support for the replacement of complete or partial loss of teeth.. these are placed fully within the bone and are most widely used implant. successful tooth replacement is accomplished by ossentigration which means direct bone anchorage to an implant body

Answer 4

endosseous

Question 5

what is the optimum fluoride level?

Answer 5

0.7-1.2 ppm

Question 6

stannous fluoride

Answer 6

SnF2

Question 7

which type of fluoride is used for hypersensitivity and as a cavity liner?

Answer 7

5% neutral sodium varnish

Question 8

what does type II gingival embrasure look like?

Answer 8

with slight to moderate recession of the interdental papilla

Question 9

this is the direct attachment or connection of osseous tissue to an inert alloplastic material without intervening connective tissue

Answer 9

osseointegration

Question 10

this binds tot he pellicle and salivary mucins to prvent biofilm accumulation, bactericidal and bacteriostatic depending on concentration, antimicrobial and antigingivitis agent

Answer 10

chlorhexadine

Question 11

what can be helpful for a pt. or caregiver flossing the teeth?

Answer 11

floss holder

Question 12

wedge or V shaped cervical lesion created by the stresses of lateral or eccentric tooth movements during occlusal function, bruxing, or parafunctional activity resulting in mircrofractures

Answer 12

abfraction

Question 13

a common titiantium alloy used for dental implants contains 6% aluminum to increase strength and decrease weight and 4% vanadium to prevent corrosion

Answer 13

titanium alloy

Question 14

what are the beneficial effects from oral irrigation?

Answer 14

reduction of gingivitis and bleeding
reduction or alteration of subgingival dental biofilm
reduction of inflammatory mediators
subgingival acess to pathogenic microorganisms (the standard jet tip can penetrate below the gingival margin 44% and 71% of pocket depth)
subgingival delivery of antimicrobial agents

Question 15

what does topical fluoride work to do?

Answer 15

inhibit demin

enhance remin of incipient lesions

inhibit bacterial acitivity by inhibiting enolase, an enzyme needing by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates

work as densensitizer

inhibit erosion

Question 16

a chemical with therapeutic properties that is delivered by rinsing or irrigation device

Answer 16

therapeutic rinse

Question 17

neutral sodium flouride

Answer 17

NaF

Question 18

with an implant, this is a reversible bacterial infection in the soft tissue similar to gingivitis, it has mild color change with bleeding and may be present

Answer 18

initial stage- mucositis

Question 19

agent that binds to the oral hard and soft tissues and causes cell lysis.. this is the most effective antimicrobial and antigingivitis agent available and causes brown staining that comes off by polishing

Answer 19

chlorhexadine

Question 20

transient pain arising from exposed dentin, typically in response to a stimulus which cannot be explained as arising from any other form of dental defect or pathology and subsides quickly when stimulus is removed

Answer 20

dentin hypersensitivity

Question 21

what are the risk factors for oral cancer?

Answer 21

tobacco use
alcohol use
sun exposure

Question 22

V shaped spillway space next to the contact area of adjacent teeth, narrowest at the contact and widening toward the facial, lingual, and occlusal contacts

Answer 22

embrasure

Question 23

The ability of an agent to bind to the pellicle tooth surface, and soft tissue and released over an extended period of time with the retention of potency

Answer 23

substantivity

Question 24

form of enamel hypomineralization due tot excessive ingestion of fluoride during the development and mineralization of the teeth.. depending on the length of exposure and the concentration of the fluoride, the fluoride exposed area may appear as a small white spot or severe brown staining with pitting

Answer 24

fluorosis

Question 25

what is the sulcus/interndal brush used for?

Answer 25

for proximal tooth surfaces with open embrasures, ortho, fixed prosthesis, dental implants, space maintainers, hard to reach areas

Question 26

currently accepted mechanism for pain impulse transmission to the pulp as a result of fluid movement within the dentin tubule, which stimulates the nerve endings at the dentinopulpal interface

Answer 26

hydrodynamic theory

Question 27

Acidulated phosphate fluoride

Answer 27

APF

Question 28

what absorbs fluoride in greater quantities?

Answer 28

hypomineralized or decalcifiedf enamel

Question 29

what is the wooden interdental cleaner used for?

Answer 29

cleaning proximal tooth surfaces where the tooth surfaces are exposed and interdental gingiva are missing. it is difficult for post. teeth and from lingual aspect

Question 30

a chemical that is used for therapeutic reasons

Answer 30

chemotherapeutic agent

Question 31

what are risk factors for periodontal infections or poor response to periodontal therapy?

Answer 31

``` behavioral factors tobacco use systemic conditions horomonal considerations nutritional status iatrogenic factors genetic factors ```

Question 32

patient education and oral hygiene instructions that anticipate potential oral and systemic health problems associated with risk factors identified during patient assessment.

Answer 32

Anticipatory Guidance

Question 33

this is when inflammation is present with an implant, bone loss has occurred and continues and mobility is faintly noticeable

Answer 33

failing implant

Question 34

destructive inflammatory process of periodontal tissues around an implant characterized by progressive bone loss in addition to soft tissue inflammation with hemorrhage/and or exudate, similar to periodontitis in a natural tooth

Answer 34

peri-implantitis

Question 35

the depression in the gingival tissue under a contact area between the lingual papilla and the facial papilla

Answer 35

col

Question 36

the form of hydroxyapatite in which fluoride ions have replaced some of the hydroxyl ions; with fluoride, the apatite is less soluble and therefore more resistant to the acids formed from carbohydrate intake

Answer 36

Fluroapatite

Question 37

acid forming

Answer 37

acidogenic

Question 38

what are some aids that are used for dental hygiene?

Answer 38

``` sulcus/interprox brush prxy brush end tuft brush tongue cleaner tufted or super floss floss threaded floss holder wooden interdental cleaner denture brush modified tooth brush handle irrigation syringe ```

Question 39

what does bactericidal chlorhexadine do?

Answer 39

causes cell lyses

Question 40

what is an end tuft brush?

Answer 40

for open interpoximal areas, fixed dental prosthesis and difficult to reach areas.

Question 41

what are the risk factors for dental caries?

Answer 41

``` behavioral factors dietary factors low fluoride tooth morphology and position xerostomia personal and family history of caries developmental factors genetic factors ```

Question 42

what type of floss is good for removal of proximal surface cleaning?

Answer 42

waxed

Question 43

a cleft in the gingival margin usually at a mesial or distal line angle of the tooth where dental floss was repeatedly applied incorrectly. the lining of the cleft can be completely lined with epithelium

Answer 43

floss cleft

Question 44

this is with an implant, when inflammation has reached the level of the bone.. edema or hemorrhage is present in the surrounding tissues. exudate may or may not be present, and probing depths are increased

Answer 44

secondary stage periimplantitis

Question 45

decayed, missing, and filled teeth (primary, and permanent dentition)

Answer 45

DMFT/dmft

Question 46

an attribute to exposure that increases the probability of disease, such as an aspect of personal behavior, environmental exposure, or an inherited characteristic associated with health related conditions

Answer 46

risk factor

Question 47

The patients concern as stated during the initial health history preparation; may be the reason for seeking professional care; a complaint such as pain or discomfort may require emergency dental diagnosis

Answer 47

chief complaint

Question 48

segment connecting the submerged implant body to the prosthetic component. the abutment enters the oral cavity providing a platform for attaching crowns

Answer 48

abutment

Question 49

this is related to biofilm accumulation causing inflammation

Answer 49

gingival bleeding

Question 50

the point of the delivery of the irrigation is placed in the sulcus or pocket and may reach the base of the pocket depending on its probing depth

Answer 50

subgingival irrigation

Question 51

what is the substantivity of chlorhexadine?

Answer 51

8-12 hrs

Question 52

what is tufted dental floss?

Answer 52

floss/yarn for biofilm removal from tooth surfaces adjacent to wide embrasures where interdental papillae have been lost, biofilm removal from mesial and distal abutments under pontic of a fixed partial denture, implant or ortho

Question 53

which type of fluoride is used with dental implants?

Answer 53

neutral

Question 54

this is used for biofilm and debris removal around orthodontic appliances or under fixed partial dentures

Answer 54

floss threader

Question 55

this is related to limited ability to perform oral self care tasks

Answer 55

biofilm control record score

Question 56

what does a healthy implant show?

Answer 56

no pain or discomfort, no mobility, no bone loss or periimplant radiolucency in radiograph, no clinical signs of periimplantitis, gingiva should be firm with no edema and no bleeding or increased probing depths on gentle probing performed with a rounded, smooth plastic probe

Question 57

American Society of Anesthesiologists; originally developed the ASA classifications to determine modifications necessary to provide general anesthetic to patients during surgical procedures

Answer 57

ASA

Question 58

what type of instruments are used on dental implants?

Answer 58

plastic

Question 59

this is when there is evident mobility within the implant. Radiographic changes are evident, often showing a vertical bony defect. refer the pt. immediately to a surgeon

Answer 59

failed implant

Question 60

what is the chief complaint and how do you treat it?

Answer 60

it is the significant concern such as pain.. this is addressed prior to initiating dental hygiene treatment

Question 61

a measure of the ability to carry out the basic tasks needed for self care

Answer 61

ADL's or Activities of Daily Living

Question 62

breakdown of the tooth structure with a loss of mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphorous

Answer 62

demineralization

Question 63

restoration of mineral elements within the tooth surface enhanced by the presence of fluoride; remineralized lesions are more resistant to irritation of dental caries than is normal tooth structure

Answer 63

remineralization

Question 64

the services within the framework of the total treatment plan to be carried out by the dental hygienist

Answer 64

dental hygiene care plan

Question 65

what are the properties of unwaxed floss?

Answer 65

thinner, may help get interproximal spaces | more likely to fray and shred

Question 66

what is the amount of fluoride used in warmer climates?

Answer 66

0.7 ppm

Question 67

A group of minerals of the general formula Ca10(PO4)X2, wherein X might include Hydroxyl (OH), carbonate (CO), fluoride (F), or oxygen (0); crystalline mineral component of hard tissues (bones and teeth)

Answer 67

apatite

Question 68

what does bacteriostatic chlorhexadine do?

Answer 68

concentrations interfere with cell wall transport system

Question 69

What does type III gingival embrasure look like?

Answer 69

with extensive recession or complete loss of the interdental papilla

Question 70

what fluoride is used in colder climated?

Answer 70

1.2 ppm

Question 71

occurs when foods and beverages processed in a fluoridated community are imported and consumed in a nonfluoridated community

Answer 71

halo or diffusion effect

Question 72

this problem is related to exposed cementum and gingival recession

Answer 72

hypersensitivty

Question 73

coordinated action; acting jointly; for example one drug might enhance the effect of another drug

Answer 73

synergistic effect

Question 74

why do we use pre-procedural mouth rinses?

Answer 74

to reduce numbers of intraoral microorganisms available to aerosols to reduce aerosol contamination during use of hand piece or ultrasonic scaler

Question 75

custom fabricated framework of metal that rests over the bone of the mandible or the maxilla, under the periosteum..complete arch or unilateral

Answer 75

subperiosteal implant

Question 76

parts per million; measure used to designate the amount of fluoride used for optimum level in fluoridated water, dentrifice, and other flouirde containing preparations

Answer 76

PPM

Question 77

dental imlant that penetrates both cortical plates and passes the thickness of the aleveolar bone.. it is aka as a mandibular staple implant or staple bone implant.. most commonly used for dentures

Answer 77

transosseous implants

Question 78

these are link observed or potential oral health problems identified during the patient assessment to probable etiology or risk factors... relate problems and solution that can be addressed within the dental hygiene scope of practice

Answer 78

diagnostic statements

Question 79

a patients voluntary agreement to a treatment plan after details of the proposed treatment have been presented and comprehended by the patient

Answer 79

informed consent

Question 80

What does type I gingival embrasure look like?

Answer 80

the interdental papillae fills the gingival embrasure

Question 81

what is the list of interdental aids?

Answer 81

``` sulcus brush/interdental brush proxy brush end tuft brush tongue cleaner tufted floss or super floss floss threaders floss holders or picks wooden interdental cleaner denture brush modified tooth brush handle irrigation syringe ```

Question 82

chlorhexadine

Answer 82

CHX

Question 83

layer of fibrous connective tissue between the implant surround bone, also called fibrous integration..indicative to failed osseintegration

Answer 83

fibrous encapsulation

Question 84

capable of existing in harmony with the surrounding biologic environment

Answer 84

biocompatible

Question 85

this prevents biofilm accumulation, lasts 8-12 hours, used as a preprocedural rinse and before during and after perio debridement.. produces altered taste and 0.12% solution

Answer 85

chlorhexadine

Question 86

this is related to previous history of dental caries and consumption of sugar sweetened beverages frequently thru the day

Answer 86

increased caries risk..CAMBRA level

Question 87

what do you do if a patient ingests too much fluoride?

Answer 87

induce vomiting manually or with ipecac syrup.. or administer fluoride binding liquid when pt is not vomiting such as milk, milk of magnesium or lime water.

Question 88

what does a dental hygiene care plan include?

Answer 88

periodontal/gingival health dental caries control prevention

Question 89

what are the risk factors for systemic conditions?

Answer 89

``` infective endocarditis cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis diabetes mellitus respiratory disease adverse pregnancy outcomes ```

Question 90

this refers to the infusion of connective tissue cells between the implant body and surrounding bone. it indicates failure of ossentigration and mobility is evident

Answer 90

fibrous encapsulation