Exam 2 Flashcards

(116 cards)

1
Q

Demeter

A

goddess of grain and good harvest
mother of Persephone
when hades abducted Persephone and carried her away to be his bride, Demeter was so enraged she refused to allow grain to grow until a compromise was reached by which Persephone would spend a third of the year in Hades house and two-thirds in the world above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kore

A

Demerter’s daughter, Persephone
was abducted by Hades and allowed to spend two-thirds of the year in the world above and one third in the underworld when Demeter refused to let anything grow until a compromise was reached
her fate is like the Greek girls who at age 14 were married to men twice their age whom they hardly knew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eleusinian Mysteries

A

famous religious cult in the ancient world
an agrarian festival designed to promote the growth of grain
it fostered a feeling of community among the greeks
it ensured the growth of grain, promised a happy afterlife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Triptolemus

A

one of the princes of Eleusis to whom Demeter taught her secret rites
he mounted a chariot drawn by dragons and traveled the world teaching the art of growing grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inanna

A

“queen of heaven”
Mysopotamian myth
goddess of love and war,
went to the underworld to become quenn of the dead because she was already queen of the living, but got turned into meat green with decay.
was rescued but had to find someone to take her place in the underworld,
she chose her husband Dumuzi because instead of mourning her loss, he was dressed in finery and seated on a throne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dumuzi

A

Inanna’s husband
didn’t mourn her loss when she was trapped in the underworld, so she chose him to replace her down there when she was free (but had to chose someone to take her place in the underworld-condition of her leaving)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hieros gamos

A

“sacred marriage”
mesopotamina religion
king acted as Dumuzi and Priestess as Inanna, and on top of the ziggurat they had intercourse so that it might gurauntee a rich natural harvest
because Dumuzi and Inanna did have intercourse for humans to have a rich harvest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Isis and Osiris

A

means “throne”
was married to Osiris, her brother and husband
greatest goddess of Egypt
they both lead Egyptians ou of their crude and backward ways
abolished canibalism, eastablshed laws, showed people how to grow crops.
However, Typhoeus plotted to kill Osiris, and was successful, but then their son Horus defeats Typhoeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cybele

A

was goddess of fertility and healing and sending diseases, protected from war in Greek culture
born from a rick in Phrygia
Zeus overcam with lust after seeing her, she resisted him, he spilled his seed on a rock. The rock became pregnant and Agdestis was born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Agdestis

A

born from a rock after Zeus spilled his seed on it when Cybele resisted him
was very strong and violent
Dionysus (God of wine and life force) poured powerful wine in the stream he drank from, got him very drunk, then made a noose from braided hair, put it around his feet and his gentials, so when Agdestis got up he ripped out his own testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adonis

A

Myrrha (pregnant by her father) was turned into a tree
after 9 months, the tree split open and Adonis emerged
Aphrodite fell in love with him and spent all her time with him, but he was more interested in hunting
she warned him not to go after big sport, but he ignored her advice and one day a boar gouged him in the thigh and he bled to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Attis

A

from Addetis’s spilled semen on the ground due to his castration, came new life: a pomegranite tree ripe with bloody seeds which impregnated Nana with Attis
the goddess Cybele loved him
and Agdetis became his guide in hunting, but became furious when Attis was to be married and had trsnferred his affections to a woman, drove eneryone including Attis mad
from Attis’ castrated genitals planted by Cybele, violets grew around a pine a tree that has seed0filled cones and erect straight growth, a symbol of male sexuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dionysus

A

god of wine, the life force
stood somewhat apart from the Other olympians
a male principle of fertility
encourages the growth of everything: plants, animals, humans
thick luscious ivy was the sign of his presence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Semele

A

princess of the house of Thebes, daughter of the Phoenician king Cadmus
Zeus fell in love with her
came to her disguised as a mortal man, impregnated her
Hera heard of her and came to Semele dressed as an old woman, and said that Zeus’s claim that he was Zeus was probably just a ploy to get her into bed, so Semele asks Zeus to appear to her in his true form, which he does and she burns to a crisp
her child is saved by Hermes and taken to Zeus and sown into his thigh. Later Dionysus was born again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ino

A

Hermes carried the child Dionysus to Ino (Semele’s sister) to take care of him
Ino disguises him in girl’s clothing but Hera still knows it is him. she drives both Ino and her husband mad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nymphs of Nysa

A

to save Dionysus from Hera, Zeus turns Dionysus into a goat and Hermes delivers him to the nymphs of Nysa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacchae

A

Dionysus’s female followers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

maenads

A

another name for Bacchae, Dionysus’s female followers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thyrsus

A

a staff crowned with a pinecone or a bunch of Ivy leave, carried by the Bacchae, Dionysus’s female followers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

satyrs

A

male followers of Dionysus

half-human with erect phalli, sometimes huge, and tails and ears of horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Silenus

A

an ugly drunken extremely fat satyr, who tells tall tales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Midas

A

local king of Phrygia, whom Dionysus rewarded a single wish for his hospitality
he asked that everything he touched be turned to gold
but even his food and drink did too
so Midas begged for Dionysus to take the gift back, and the river carried away his gift and the gold settled in the sands, and Lydia later became a very rich country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ariadne

A

Dionysus married her
daughter of the King Minos
he found her on an Island after she had been abandoned by Theseus, hero of Athens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lycurgus

A

Dionysus recieved resistance when he returned from his travels from the East
Lycurgus was a king of a tribe in Thrace and he persecuted him and him travelers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Minyads
also resisted Dionysus and refused to join his new religion enraged, Dionysus drove them mad, and they joined him as Bacchae, but he later turned them into bats who enjoy the dark and hate the light
26
Pentheus
a stubborn king, resisted Dionysus championed reason against disorder ensured his own horrible end
27
Thespis
introduced someone speaking in first person who presented a crisis in the career of a mythic figure made possible the presentation on stage of visible, direct conflict between characters prominent in traditional tales
28
Hades
ruled over all the dead in the dark land he received when he and his brothers partitioned the world. the dead buried in the earth are unseen and that is where Hades rules also called Pluto
29
Pluto
another name for Hades means "enricher" because from beneath the earth comes mineral and agricultural wealth
30
Erinyes
the furies mythical portrayal of the ghosts of slain members of one's own family precautions had to be taken to ensure the safety of the living without infringing on the rights of the often malevolent dead
31
psychopompos
Hermes, "soul-guide" | leads the dead to Hades' house and relieve the world of their presence
32
Tiresias
the most famous seer in Greek myth and an important character in Euipedes Bacchae was descended from Tiresias was descended from one of the Sparti, the five-founders of the ruling families of Thebes who sprang from the teeth of a dragon (that Cadmus killed) when he was young, he saw a pair of serpants coupling and killed the female. As punishment, he was turned into a woman. After 7 years, he saw another pair of serpants mating, and killed the male this time to me turned back into a man
33
Tantalus
was guilty of violence against their gods he tested the god's omniscience by serving them his own son at a banquet, and he was punished: he can never satisfy his desire for food and drink from his punishment comes the word "tantalize"
34
Sissyphus
guilty of violence against their gods was famed for his cleverness he seduced Odysseus' mother, on her wedding night, and according to tradition was the true father of Odysseus also tricked Death himself, as one time imprisoning him, on another time escaping to the upper world to love out a second life Going a second time to the underworld, he recieved his punishment: labors endlessly without result
35
Elysium
a special afterword those destined for Elysium don't descend to the underworld, but continue a blessed life in a remote part of earth notion of a happy other world
36
Orpheus
famous for his sweet singing tragic love for Eurydice his wife died on their wedding day, and he entered the underworld overwhelmed with grief. Hades agreed to release his wife but only if, while climbing back to the upper world, he must mot look back. But he does, and when he tries to enter the underworld again, he can't. wanting nothing to do with any other woman, he invented male homosexuality
37
Zagreus
Dionysus | born from Zeus and Persephone
38
Pythagoras
best known for the philosophical claim that the essence of reality resides in mythical relations among numbers, proportions, and measures also taught metemphsychosis, and taught his followers to lead ascetic lives based on principles like those of Orphism
39
Er
described by socrates Er was killed in battle, but 10 days later, when the bodies were put on a funeral pyre, he was found still alive and told his tale: he and all the other dead in a place where openings on either side led to heaven or down to earth. the souls were judjed and sent under the earth to be punished, or to heaven to be rewarded. for the evil or good they had done. they suffered or enjoyed bliss for a thousand years. afterward they returned to the place of judgement and offered the choice of new lives when they returned to earth. this myth is philosophical and intellectual recasting of ancient traditional accounts of life after death and of the uderworld to teach tha the soul is immortal and that a moral law governs the world (pg 325)
40
Acheron
the boundary of Di's realm (Hades' realm)
41
Charon
the ferryman who takes the dead to the underworld. the dead can only board if they have fare, or they must wait a hundred years to cross
42
Ixion
a king who lusted after Hera Zeus, not believing that someone could desire his wife for sport made an image of Hera out of a cloud. Ixion pounced on it and his seed tumbled through the cloud to the earth, and up sprang Centaurus, father of the centaurs. Zeus bound Ixion to a wheel of fire that turns slowly through the eternal mists
43
Eurydice
was Orpheus's love died on their wedding date because a beekeeper tried to rape her, and while running away was bitten by a snake, and so died
44
Hero
any noble or well-born male | someone who stands out from others, someone distinguished by prominence, bravery, or merit
45
Gilgamesh
king of Uruk one-third mortal abused his power Enkidu was sent to defeat him, but they ended up friends instead tried to achieve immortality after Enkidu's death, but wasn't able to
46
Enkidu
mother of gods created him to defeat Gilgamesh | he challenged Gilgamesh, gilgamesh won, but began a lifelong friendship
47
Humbaba
the guardian of the forest, killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu
48
Utnapishtim
he and his wife were the only mortals to have survived the flood, had achieved immortality Gilgamesh went to them to try to achieve immortality after Enkidu dies he suggests that Gilgamesh stay awake for 7 days and 7 nights because if he could not conquer sleep than how could he conquer Death However, Gilgamesh falls asleep, so Utnapishtim tells him of a herb so he can escape old age
49
heroic nudity
may have been influenced by Greek athletics which was practiced in the nude art male nudity distinguishes the "heroic" Greeks from non-greeks
50
Argive plain
in Greece | richest territory from remains from the Greek Bronze Age
51
Perseus
in myth, Mycenae was founded by him grandfather of Heracles beheaed Medusa son of Zeus and Danae
52
Tiryns
fortress | near the sea
53
Io
ancestor of three great dynasties: the houses of Argos, Thebes, Crete Zeus lusted after her, but she was a priestess of Hera Zeus surrounded her in a mist and had his way with her Hera grew suspicious, so Zeus turns Io into a cow, but Hera wasn't fooled so she asked for the cow (Io) as a present from Zeus, which Zeus had to comply with. To keep Zeus away from her, she had her guarded by a monster who had a hundred eyes and never slept (Argus) But Hermes sings a lullaby, puts him to sleep, and cuts of his head and sets her free, but Hera sends a gadfly to torment her. Being stung constantly, she wandered through Greece she finds Prometheus, and he predicts her wanderings that lie ahead he also predicts she will regain her human form when Zeus touches her with his hands Heracles was her descendant Prometheus predicted Heracles would set him free
54
Danaus
descendant of Poseidon had 50 daughters by numerous wives King of Libya
55
Danaids
Danaus' 50 daughters murdered their husbands on their wedding nights (except one who was later imprisoned by her father) on the order of their father because their father was trying to gain power
56
Acrisius
descendant of Danaus he and his twin brother hated each other Acrisius wanted a male heir but fathered Danae consulted an oracle who told him his grandson would kill him instead of killing her he imprisions her Zeus falls in love with her and comes to her in a shower of gold that fall from the roof and into her womb in this way Perseus was concieved, and Acrisius afriad to kill his daughter and grandson, puts them in a wooden box and casts them out to sea where they are rescued by Dictys, a fisherman, and live with him Polydectes, Dictys' brother lusts after Danae when Perseus grows up but she rejects him and Perseus backs her and etc
57
Polydectes
brother of Dictys (who saves Danae and Perseus after her father puts them in a wooden box and casts them out to sea) was the king of the island desired Danae as his mistress (when Perseus grew to manhood) Danae resisted and Perseus defeneded her refusal Polydectes than pretended to marry someone else and demanded a wedding gift of a fine horse from every young man on the island, which Perseus didn't have but Perseus boasted he would bring anything Polydectes wanted, even a Gordon's head, which Polydectes agreed to to get Perseus out of the way to get to his mother
58
Gorgons
monsters whom no one ever returned alive from after dealing with them have enormous tusks and wide, staring eyes that turn anyone who sees them into stone must be approached on foot because they live on the edge of the world included medusa, Stheno and Euryale and medusa
59
Medusa
the only Gorgon who was mortal
60
Graeae
sisters to the Gorgos numbered 2 or 3, were hideous hags who lived near where Atlas supported the world they only has one tooth and one eye between them which they passed to whomever wanted to see or eat Perseus went to them and grabbed the eye as it was being passed around and demanded they tell him the location of certain nyohs, then gave them back the eye
61
Andromeda
While perseus was flying over Jordan, Palestine, etc he saw Cepheus' daughter Andromeda chained to a rock and about to be devoured by the sea-monster Ceto this had occured because: Andromeda's vain mother had boosted she was more beautiful than the Nereids the infuriated sea-nymphs complained to Poseidon who sent a flood against the land an oracle said that only the sacrifice of the king's daughter would prevent destruction as he flew over, Perseus fell in love with her he swoopd down to her parents and promised to save her if he could marry her they agreed without mentioning that she was already engaged to to Phineus, Cepheus' brother Cepheus held a banquet and Phineus burst in with an army Perseus pulled out the Gorgon's head and turned Phineus and his men into stone Perseus than remained with them until Andromeda bore a son Perses, ancestor of the Persians only then he returned to free his mother
62
girl's tragedy
a folktale pattern contains: prohibition seclusion violation of the prohibition threat of punishment or death liberation example: Perseus' mother because of an oracle, Danae is forbidden to marry (prohibition) she is locked in a chamber to keep her from men (seclusion) but nontheless becomes pregnant (violation) her father Acrisius places her and the child in the box (threat of life) and she is saved by Dictys (liberation)
63
Alcmena
Perseus' son married his own niece and they had a daughter Alcmena and nine sons Amphitryon married her after he took her and fled after killing Electryon in a quarrel was tricked into sleeping with Zeus who appeared to her as her husband returning after killing pirates (avenging her brother as her father was going to do) and then slept with her actual husband and fathered Heracles from Zeus's seed
64
Eurystheus
Electryon's other brother had a son Eurystheus
65
Amphitryon
Electryon's other brother Alcaeus's son killed Electryon in a quarell and was banished to Mycenae took Alcmena and fled to Creon, king of Thebes, purified him of blood-pollution for killing his uncle then married Alcmena but she would not sleep with him until he avenged the death of her brothers as Electryon had planned to do before Amphitryon killed him Amphitryon gathered forces and killed the pirates (who had attacked them and killed one of Electryon's sons) he came back anticipating sleeping with Alcmena but Zeus appeared as Amphitryon and slept with her then the real Amphitryon appeared and slept with Alcema \she fathered Heracles from Zeus's seed and another son of humbler stature from her husband
66
Megara
Amphitryon was killed in a war against the king of Minyans the new king of Thebes, Creon gave Heracles his daughter Megara in marriage Heracles settled down and fathered children, but one day went mad because of Hera and murdered his wife and children
67
Reasoning behind Heracles' 12 labors
after murdering his wife and children, to atone for the crime he goes to an oracle at Delphi oracles tells him he must go to his parents land and serve as bondsman to his cousin Eurystheus, king of Mycenae, and perform for him 12 labors
68
Nemean lion
Heracles' first labor Eurytheus demanded he kill a savage lion ravaging the country around Nemea the lion's skin was impenetrable so Heracles snapped his neck with his brute strength then took one of the lion's own claws and cut his pelt which he then wore and brought back to Eurystheus
69
Nemea
northwest of Mycene | where the Nemean lion was
70
The Lernaean Hydra
2nd labor an enormous serpent that Heralces had to destroy had many heads and lived near a swamp of Lerna was ravaging the fields and livestock Heracles cut off one head of the hydra and another grew in its place the central head was immortal, but Heracles cut it off and buried it beneath a rock (also dipped his arrows in his poison)
71
Lerna
where the Hydra was | southeast of Mycenae
72
Ceryneian deer
3rd task was to bring it back with him was a magical animal, and though female had golden antlers and brazen hoofs, but belonged to Artemis tracked her for a year he wounded her with an arrow and carried her back ran into Apollo and Artemis to whom he explained why he was takikng the deer, and who let him he then took the deer to Copreus after which Heracles let it go
73
Erymanthian Boar
Heracles was to capture it | he drove it finally (after the Chiron side-deed) to Eurystheus who held it in terror
74
Chiron
side-deed of Heracles Heracles went to stay with a centaur and was drinking whose smell attracted the other centaurs and was alarmed at their aggressive manner and shot them they fled and one wise centaur Chiron fled to northern Greece he was immortal but one of Heracles' poisoned arrows wounded him and he suffered as he was immortal Prometheus eventually traded his mortality with Chiron allowing Chiron to die
75
Augeas
5th deed was the son of Helius he had many herds but never cleaned the stables, so Heracles bargained with him to get paid (by recieveing one-tenth of Augeas;s cattle) in return for cleaning the stables Heracles did so without by diverting a neraby river through the stables but when Augeas learned of Heracles' obligation to Eurytheus he refused to pay later Heracles retuned and kills Augeas and his sons and institued the Olypic games
76
Stymphalian birds
6th deed death-dealing birds with arrow firing wongs and armor pierced beaks Heralces drove them from their cover in the thik forest around the lake by clangign bronze castanets as they flew into the sky he shot them with his arrows
77
Cretan bull
7th deed Eurystheus ordered Heracles to capture this bull a magnificent creature summoned from the sea by Mins heracles seized the bull by the horns and tossed it into the sea and rode it back to Peloponnesus after the herald inspected it, the bull got away
78
Horses of Diomedes
8th deed Heracles was to capture them Diomeded was a son of Ares and king of a svage tribr up north in Thrace the horses dined on human flesh heracles reached Thrace, captured the horses, fed them their master and then after showing them ot the herald they were released and they fled to mount olympus where they were eaten by wolves
79
Admetus
side-deed Apollo killed the Cyclops who made Zeus' thunderbolts in revenge for Zeus killing Apollo's son who was the greatest physician who ever lived so Zeus forced him to serve under Admetus, a king in Thessaly he treated Apollo so well that that Apollo told him he didn't need to die if he found someone else to die for him
80
Alcestis
Admetus' beautiful wife died for him and Heracles brings her back from Hades' realm after shamelessly enjoying himself in a house mourning their queen's death, though he did not know it was the queen who died
81
Girdle of Hippolyta
Eurystheus ordered him to bring back the girdle of Hippolyta the Amazon queen, for his daughter the girdle was a belt that women wore above their hips: to loosen it was to offer oneself sexually, to take it forcibly was rape this labor is a sexual one, directed against the queen of the man-hating Amazons when he arrived Hippolyta gladly offered him the belt so charming was Heracles seeing this Hera disguised herself as an Amazon and told everyone Heracles had abducted their queen The amazons attacked and Heracles fearing treachery, strangled Hippolyta, removed her girdle, and sailed away he then gave it to Eurystheus
82
cattle of Geryon
10th labor this monster had 3 bodies joined at the waist and lived on the island of Erythia Geryon had a herd of red cattle, watched over by Eurytion and his demonic 2-headed dog Heracles killed Orthus and the herdsman rustled the cattle and was driving them across a river when Geryon attacked heracles felled him with arrows, herded the cattle into the cup and came back where Eurystheus sacrificed them to Hera
83
Cacus
side-deed 1 3 headed fire breathing monster stole some of the cattle (of Geryon after Heracles had them) and hid them in a cave Heracles heard their lowering, leaped down inside and demolished Cacus with his club
84
Apples of Hesperides
11th deed these apples grew on a magical tree with golden bark and golden leaves Zeus gave the present to Hera as a wedding present and Hera planted it in a garden at the foot og Mount Atlas Hera set a ferocious hundred-headed serpent named Ladon as guard over it Heracles persuaded Atlas to get them for him, took his place holding up the sky, and then tricked him into taking his place back\ he then took them to Eurystheus and because they were too dangerous to be kept, Eurystheus gave them to Heracles who gave them to Athena who testored them to Hesperides
85
Busiris
a son of Posidon so Perseus' cousin a seer told the king (him) that he must sacrifice a foreigner so he sacrificed every foreigner he could, even the seer Heracles allowed himself to be bound and then grew impatoent and burst his bonds, and killed Busiris and his sons
86
Cerberus
12th labor Heracles was orderd to go to the underworld and bring back its many headed guard-dog He travelled there and appeared before the king and queen and requested permission to take Cerberus Hades agreed as long as Heracles didn't use any weapons protected by his lion skin he seized the hound by the throat and dragged hom to Eurystheus then released him to the world below
87
metopes
earliest evidence for the canonical cycle of 12 labors is found not in literature but on 12 stone panels called metopes mounted abpve the front and rear porch columns of Zeus's temple at Olympia
88
Iole
Eurytus, the king of Oechalia who had been Heracles' own archery instructor was offering his beautiful daughter as a prize in an archery contest Heracles won but Eurytus would not give him his daughter fearing that she and her children migth share the same fate as Heracles' earlier wife so Heracles stormed off
89
Omphale
Heracles was told by Apollo that he would purify Heracles of his sins (of breaking Xenia) if he served a woman for 3 years as her slave Omphale queen of Lydia liked the Hero's physique and bought him thinking he would be a fine lover the 2 would spend the next 3 years leisurly doing things like wearing each other's clothes
90
Cercopes
during his time with Omphale, Heracles captured the Cercopes, 2 ruffians who robbed passerby and treated them cruelly they tried to rob Heracles one day when he was sleeping but heracles stopped them and suspended them from poles from his shoulder. but since they amused him, he let them go, but Zeus later turned them into monkeys
91
Deianira
Heracles first heard of her when he was in the underworld the ghost of her brother suggested to Heracles that he marry her should he escape from death's realm so Heracles set off to where she lived got married after Heracles wrestled the river god Achelous who also wanted her
92
Achelous
the river-god also wanted Deianira (the woman who's brother's ghost suggested Heracles marry if he got out of the underworld) usually represented as a bull but sometimes took other life forms Heracles and he wrestled and Heracles broke off one of his horns
93
Nessus
centaur ferried travellers for a small fee he had lived in Peloponnesus until Heracles drive him out in his squabble with the drunken Centaurs long ago Deianira got on the Centaur's back while Heracles swam beside them but in the middle of the river Nessus assaulted the young woman so Heracles shot him with his poisoned arrow Nessus staggered ashore and with his dying breath told Deianira to collect his blood and semen, a powerful love potion should she ever need it (with which she later accidently kills him with, and then realizing what she had done, kills herself)
94
Heraclids
the many sons fathred on many women whom Heracles had left behind
95
Heracles
was the greatest greek Heroes strong and illful lists for adventure and experience understands loyalty and frienship shows sympathy with the natural world by toting a primitive club by shooting with bow and arrow yet he rid the civilized world of dangerous animals an men after a life of suffering, victory and defeat, he traveled to olympus and became a god
96
Theseus
Athen's greatest hero concieevd by Posidon and Aethra Aegeus believed he was his son tells his mother to have him come to him when he grew to manhood performed 6 famous deeds of strength when the fifty sons of Pallas found out that Aegeus had an heir they tried to kill Theseus but Theseus killed them all when he returned from Crete, he became king through tragedy he was supposed to turn the sail of his ship to white when approaching Athens to show that he had won against the Minotaur, or black to show that he was dead. he forgot to turn the sail while and when Aegeus saw the black sail he killed himself in despair when he became king, he instituted many reforms, and brought the people together longing for adventure, he set sail to the Amazons and abducted their queen, causing the Amazonomachy
97
Cecrops
the Athenians made 3 claims about their origins that they were descended from a mortal named Cecrops, from the earth, and from Athena Cecrops sprang from the earth, with the form of a snake beneath the waist, a man above he introduced the arts of civilization and monogamy, to people, taught them to worship Zeus, abandon human sacrifice, build cities, bury the dead properly
98
Erichthonius
another early king of Athens succeeded Cecrops was born when Athena had gone to Hephastus smithy for repair of her weapons missing his ex-wife Aphrodite, whom he had divorced for adultery, Haphaestus pursued the goddess lustfully. he caught up with her and ejaculated semen onto her leg Athena wiped if off in disgust with a piece of wool which she threw to the ground and up sprang Erichthonious Athena took the infant and put him in a basket and gave him to the daughters of Cecrops, whom she warned not to look inside, but 2 of them did but were so terrified at the half child half serpent, or entwined with a serpent, that it drove them mad Athena then took the child and raised him herself when he grew up, he became king
99
Cephalus
married Procris, daughter of Erechtheus before his marriage, Aurora, he lustful goddess of dawn, carried Cephalus away to Syria where she bore Phaeton to him at first their marriage was happy but he couldn't believe his good luck and became suspicious to test her love for him, he would come to her under disguise tempting her to sleep with him until she agreed, then in a rage he revealed himself and she, frightened fled then she returned disguised as a boy and they were reunited they were happy again for a while until Aurora became suspicious of Cephalus and spied on him while he was hunting then feeling ridiculous for not trusting him, she went to him, but he accidently stabs her to death and then Athenians exiled Cephalus for life
100
Procne and Philomela
granddaughters of Erichthonius, sisters to Erechtheus Tereus, a king, sone of Mars, who helped Pandion win a war in gratitude Pandion gave Tereus his daughter Procne for a wife She bore him a son Itys
101
Tereus
ereus, a king, sone of Mars, who helped Pandion win a war in gratitude Pandion gave Tereus his daughter Procne for a wife She bore him a son Itys
102
Itys
Procne killed her son by Tereus, Itys (or Itylos), boiled him and served him as a meal to her husband.[2] After he had finished his meal, the sisters presented Tereus with the severed head of his son, and he realised what had been done.[2] He snatched up an axe and pursued them with the intent to kill the sisters.[2] They fled but were almost overtaken by Tereus. In desperation, they prayed to the gods to be turned into birds and escape Tereus' rage and vengeance
103
Erechtheus
became king | married and had several children
104
Aegeus
his rule was threatened because he did not have a male heir Pallas resented him since he had 50 sons he went to an oracle to understand how to get a male heir but didn't understnad what she says so goes to Erechtheus who realizes that the next woman h sleeps with will bear him and heir so he sends him to his own daughter Aethra after intercourse with Aegus, Aethra goes to a nearby island and Poseidon appreared from the sea and possessed her and thus Theseus was concieved the next morning Aegeus suspected that Aethra was pregnant and ordered her to raise the child in secret, and once old enough, for the child to come find him
105
Aethra
Erechtheus sleeps
106
Procrustes
killed by Theseus as a part of his 6 deedshe offered travellers a place to sleep at night and would offer bigger beds to small people and small beds to bug people, and then would saw off the protruding parts of the bigs people and stretch the little people
107
Amazonomachy
the abduction of the amazonian queen by Theseus casued this | the amazons invaded and overran the countryside but were defeated by the Athenians
108
Hippolytus
the Amazon queen bore Theseus a son called Hippolytus was raised by his grandfather because Theseus cast his mother off in favor of Phaedra when he grew to manhood, he became devoted to Artemis and despised women Theseus' new wife Phaedra fell in love with him (her own stepson) and propositioned him through a nurse, but he was disgusted and expressed it to the nurse, which Phaedra overheard and killed herself, leaving a note that said that Hippolytus assaulted her, scared that he would tell Theseus when Theseus comes home, he finds the note and confronts Hippolytus who cannot defned himself, and so Theseus curses him and he dies too late, Theseus finds out the truth
109
Phaedra
Theseus cast Hippolytus' mother (the amazonian queen) off in favor of Phaedra when he grew to manhood, he became devoted to Artemis and despised women Theseus' new wife Phaedra fell in love with him (her own stepson) and propositioned him through a nurse, but he was disgusted and expressed it to the nurse, which Phaedra overheard and killed herself, leaving a note that said that Hippolytus assaulted her, scared that he would tell Theseus about her feelings when Theseus comes home, he finds the note and confronts Hippolytus who cannot defned himself, and so Theseus curses him and he dies too late, Theseus finds out the truth appeals to the male fear of woman's vindictive power a themes that occurs in many Mesopotamia, Gilgamesh etc
110
Bellerophon
similar story to Hippolytus and Phaedra Bellerophon rejects the wife of a king who then accuses him of making advances the king cannot kill him as he is a guest, so sends him to his father in law with sealed clay tablets with instructions to kill him the king sends him on impossible tasks on which he is successful in the end he married the king's daughter and recieved a portion of the kingdom appeals to the male fear of woman's vindictive power a themes that occurs in many Mesopotamia, Gilgamesh etc
111
Pirithous
was king of Lapiths heard of Theseus' prowess and decided to test him so he raided his flocks but Theseus caught him red-handed they were about to fight when Pirithous admiring Theseus' physique volunteered to become his slave Theseus was also impressed by him so suggested they become friends Pirithous married and invited Centaurs to his wedding, but they became to drunk and rowdy at the wedding and attacked the bride and tried to rape her and her attendants Theseus joined the fight to help resucue the bride (Hippodamia) and thus began the Centauromachy (also looked for wives together with Theseus and both ended up trapped in the underworld because they wanted to marry the daughters of gods)
112
Centaurs
half men half horse Pirithous married and invited Centaurs to his wedding, but they became to drunk and rowdy at the wedding and attacked the bride and tried to rape her and her attendants Theseus joined the fight to help resucue the bride (Hippodamia) and thus began the Centauromachy
113
Centauromachy
Pirithous married and invited Centaurs to his wedding, but they became to drunk and rowdy at the wedding and attacked the bride and tried to rape her and her attendants Theseus joined the fight to help resucue the bride (Hippodamia) and thus began the Centauromachy famous war between the centaurs and the Lapiths symbolized the struggle between civilization and barbarism in art between greek and foreigner
114
Pisistratus
the popularization of Theseus took place under his reign famous leader of Athens like Theseus, he unified Attica under political and cultural rule of Athes, fought for Athens; interests overseas paralells were constantly drawn between the accomplishments of Pisistratus and Theseus
115
Procris
married Cephalus daughter of Erechtheus at first their marriage was happy but he couldn't believe his good luck and became suspicious to test her love for him, he would come to her under disguise tempting her to sleep with him until she agreed, then in a rage he revealed himself and she, frightened fled then she returned disguised as a boy and they were reunited they were happy again for a while until Aurora became suspicious of Cephalus and spied on him while he was hunting then feeling ridiculous for not trusting him, she went to him, but he accidently stabs her to death and then Athenians exiled Cephalus for life
116
Danae
Acrisius wanted a male heir but fathered Danae consulted an oracle who told him his grandson would kill him instead of killing her he imprisions her Zeus falls in love with her and comes to her in a shower of gold that fall from the roof and into her womb in this way Perseus was concieved, and Acrisius afriad to kill his daughter and grandson, puts them in a wooden box and casts them out to sea where they are rescued by Dictys, a fisherman, and live with him Polydectes, Dictys' brother lusts after Danae when Perseus grows up but she rejects him and Perseus backs her and etc