Exam 2 Flashcards
(116 cards)
Demeter
goddess of grain and good harvest
mother of Persephone
when hades abducted Persephone and carried her away to be his bride, Demeter was so enraged she refused to allow grain to grow until a compromise was reached by which Persephone would spend a third of the year in Hades house and two-thirds in the world above
Kore
Demerter’s daughter, Persephone
was abducted by Hades and allowed to spend two-thirds of the year in the world above and one third in the underworld when Demeter refused to let anything grow until a compromise was reached
her fate is like the Greek girls who at age 14 were married to men twice their age whom they hardly knew
Eleusinian Mysteries
famous religious cult in the ancient world
an agrarian festival designed to promote the growth of grain
it fostered a feeling of community among the greeks
it ensured the growth of grain, promised a happy afterlife
Triptolemus
one of the princes of Eleusis to whom Demeter taught her secret rites
he mounted a chariot drawn by dragons and traveled the world teaching the art of growing grain
Inanna
“queen of heaven”
Mysopotamian myth
goddess of love and war,
went to the underworld to become quenn of the dead because she was already queen of the living, but got turned into meat green with decay.
was rescued but had to find someone to take her place in the underworld,
she chose her husband Dumuzi because instead of mourning her loss, he was dressed in finery and seated on a throne
Dumuzi
Inanna’s husband
didn’t mourn her loss when she was trapped in the underworld, so she chose him to replace her down there when she was free (but had to chose someone to take her place in the underworld-condition of her leaving)
hieros gamos
“sacred marriage”
mesopotamina religion
king acted as Dumuzi and Priestess as Inanna, and on top of the ziggurat they had intercourse so that it might gurauntee a rich natural harvest
because Dumuzi and Inanna did have intercourse for humans to have a rich harvest
Isis and Osiris
means “throne”
was married to Osiris, her brother and husband
greatest goddess of Egypt
they both lead Egyptians ou of their crude and backward ways
abolished canibalism, eastablshed laws, showed people how to grow crops.
However, Typhoeus plotted to kill Osiris, and was successful, but then their son Horus defeats Typhoeus
Cybele
was goddess of fertility and healing and sending diseases, protected from war in Greek culture
born from a rick in Phrygia
Zeus overcam with lust after seeing her, she resisted him, he spilled his seed on a rock. The rock became pregnant and Agdestis was born
Agdestis
born from a rock after Zeus spilled his seed on it when Cybele resisted him
was very strong and violent
Dionysus (God of wine and life force) poured powerful wine in the stream he drank from, got him very drunk, then made a noose from braided hair, put it around his feet and his gentials, so when Agdestis got up he ripped out his own testicles
Adonis
Myrrha (pregnant by her father) was turned into a tree
after 9 months, the tree split open and Adonis emerged
Aphrodite fell in love with him and spent all her time with him, but he was more interested in hunting
she warned him not to go after big sport, but he ignored her advice and one day a boar gouged him in the thigh and he bled to death
Attis
from Addetis’s spilled semen on the ground due to his castration, came new life: a pomegranite tree ripe with bloody seeds which impregnated Nana with Attis
the goddess Cybele loved him
and Agdetis became his guide in hunting, but became furious when Attis was to be married and had trsnferred his affections to a woman, drove eneryone including Attis mad
from Attis’ castrated genitals planted by Cybele, violets grew around a pine a tree that has seed0filled cones and erect straight growth, a symbol of male sexuality
Dionysus
god of wine, the life force
stood somewhat apart from the Other olympians
a male principle of fertility
encourages the growth of everything: plants, animals, humans
thick luscious ivy was the sign of his presence
Semele
princess of the house of Thebes, daughter of the Phoenician king Cadmus
Zeus fell in love with her
came to her disguised as a mortal man, impregnated her
Hera heard of her and came to Semele dressed as an old woman, and said that Zeus’s claim that he was Zeus was probably just a ploy to get her into bed, so Semele asks Zeus to appear to her in his true form, which he does and she burns to a crisp
her child is saved by Hermes and taken to Zeus and sown into his thigh. Later Dionysus was born again
Ino
Hermes carried the child Dionysus to Ino (Semele’s sister) to take care of him
Ino disguises him in girl’s clothing but Hera still knows it is him. she drives both Ino and her husband mad
Nymphs of Nysa
to save Dionysus from Hera, Zeus turns Dionysus into a goat and Hermes delivers him to the nymphs of Nysa
Bacchae
Dionysus’s female followers
maenads
another name for Bacchae, Dionysus’s female followers
thyrsus
a staff crowned with a pinecone or a bunch of Ivy leave, carried by the Bacchae, Dionysus’s female followers
satyrs
male followers of Dionysus
half-human with erect phalli, sometimes huge, and tails and ears of horses
Silenus
an ugly drunken extremely fat satyr, who tells tall tales
Midas
local king of Phrygia, whom Dionysus rewarded a single wish for his hospitality
he asked that everything he touched be turned to gold
but even his food and drink did too
so Midas begged for Dionysus to take the gift back, and the river carried away his gift and the gold settled in the sands, and Lydia later became a very rich country
Ariadne
Dionysus married her
daughter of the King Minos
he found her on an Island after she had been abandoned by Theseus, hero of Athens
Lycurgus
Dionysus recieved resistance when he returned from his travels from the East
Lycurgus was a king of a tribe in Thrace and he persecuted him and him travelers