Exam 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the factors of population increase
Agriculture, transportation, industrial revolution
Doubling time
The shorter the doubling time, the quicker the curve (faster population growth)
Rule of 70
70 years/% growth= doubling time in years
Malthus
Easter Island Example
Wants to work on population growth through birth rates; believes population growth needs to slow down
Malthus believed resource depletion causes poverty
Marx
Wants to work on social justice issues to decrease poverty
What are the demographic spheres
less developed: population increasing rapidly; younger population-poor
developed: slightly increasing population; older- wealthy
Crude birth rate
number of births per 1,000 persons
Total fertility rate
Number of births per average woman over her entire life (look at this for projections)
Zero population growth
occurs when number of birth is equal to the number of deaths
Fertility rates
decreasing around the world
Crude death rates
number of deaths per 1,000 persons
Declining mortality
is the primary cause for population increase in the last 300 years
Life span
the oldest age attainable by a member of a species (not effected by where you live)
Life expectancy
average age a newborn can expect to reach in any given society (probability; different per region)
Population momentum
Reproductive capacity that is banked in the age spectrum
Developed nations: low population momentum
Less developed nations: high population momentum
(More girls at reproductive age =high momentum)
Dependency ratio
Number of non-working individuals to the number of working individuals
Pro-natalist pressures
Reasons to have babies:
Creation of future workforce
Assistance with current work load
Status of men
Status for women (survival someone to take care of them)
Source of pleasure and comfort (desire to have kids)
Birth reduction pressures
Reasons not to have children
Higher education and personal freedom
Higher cost of raising a child
Ideal family size to meet ZPG
