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Flashcards in Exam 2 Deck (29)
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1
Q

Fertilization

A

Joining of gametes (sperm and egg)

2
Q

Gamete

A

Egg and sperm

3
Q

Zygote

A

Single cell of the fused gametes

4
Q

Haploid

A

Has half the number of chromosomes (23)

5
Q

Diploid

A

Has the normal amount of chromosomes (46)

6
Q

Binary Fission

A

Single called organisms that divide into two to make two identical offspring

7
Q

Genes

A

Units of inheritance from DNA that encode proteins

8
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA and proteins that form a condensed package

9
Q

Centromere

A

Holds two sister chromatids together

10
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

Two copies of the same chromatin joined together at the centromere

11
Q

Homologous Pair

A

23 pairs, one of each pair is taken by one parent

12
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

X and Y chromoses that determine the sex of the offspring
XY- boy
XX- girl

13
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of cytoplasm splitting of two cells

14
Q

Interphase

A

G1- growth to enter S phase
S- synthesis of duplication of DNA
G2- growth to start mitosis or meiosis

15
Q

Mitosis

A

Prophase- chromosome becomes visible and nuclear envelope disappears
Metaphase- chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers
Anaphase- chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle
Telophase- chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei form

16
Q

Meiosis

A

Produces four gamete cells for sexual reproduction

17
Q

Cell plates

A

In plant cells because of the cell wall. Plants divide their cytoplasm by making a call plate which is composed of membrane and cell wall materials

18
Q

Crossing over

A

When homologous chromosomes pair, maternal and paternal chromosomes overlap ends of their sister chromatids and swap genetic information

19
Q

Character

A

An inherited feature that varies from one individual to another

20
Q

Trait

A

Variations in characters

21
Q

Allele

A

Different types of genes

22
Q

Homozygous

A

Both alleles from parents are the same

23
Q

Heterozygous

A

Both alleles rom parents are different

24
Q

Dominant

A

Allele that determines the organisms appearance

25
Q

Recessive

A

Allele that doesn’t show

26
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical appearance of traits

27
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic appearance of the trait

28
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Occurs in heterozygous where both alleles blend together to make a phenotype
(Red and white make pink)

29
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles are present in the organisms phenotype (not blended) black and white make black and white spotted