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EDUC 330 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is focused mode

A

Highly attentive status: concentration utilized prefrontal cortex of the brain

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2
Q

What is diffused mode?

A

Resting state network, working quietly in the background on something you are not actively focused on

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3
Q

What are the 5 motives for communication with a professor

A

Relative (develop relationship), functional(course related), excuse-making, participation, sycophancy(kiss up)

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4
Q

What are some ways to improve a study group?

A

1) avoid social-loafing
2) keep it small
3) accountability of participants
4) use incentives

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5
Q

What is identity status theory?

A

Ones sense of identity as being determined largely by choices and commitments

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6
Q

What are the four identity statuses?

A

Identity diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and achievement

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7
Q

What is identity diffusion

A

Situation where individuals have not made any firm commitment and do not plan to (no crisis, no commitment)

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8
Q

What is identity moratorium

A

Alternative choices are considered. Exploring but no commitments have been made (crisis, no commitment)

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9
Q

What is identity foreclosure?

A

Individuals select some convenient set of believes or goals without carefully considering stable commitment (no crisis, commitment)

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10
Q

What is identity achievement?

A

Individuals resolve the identity crisis and settles on the relatively stable commitment (crisis, commitment)

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11
Q

Productivity pyramid? (Bottom to top)

A

Governing values - long-range goals - intermediate goals - daily task

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12
Q

What is a goal

A

Whatever an individual is striving to accomplish

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13
Q

What are the three goal properties

A

Specificity, proximity, difficulty

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14
Q

What are the 5 steps to goal setting?

A

1) identify and define goal
2) generate and evaluate alternative goals
3) make implantation plans
4) implement the plan
5) evaluate your success

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15
Q

What is a SMART goal?

A

Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound

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16
Q

What are the four parts of a habit?

A

cue, routine, reward, belief

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17
Q

What is mental contrasting?

A

Comparing where you are now to what you want to achieve or be (visualization, visual board)

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18
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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19
Q

Frontal lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Conscience thinking, language, reasoning, planning, decision making, self-monitoring

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20
Q

Parietal lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Paying attention, processing word sounds

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21
Q

Occipital lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Interpreting and remembering visual information

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22
Q

Temporal lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Interpreting and remembering auditory information. Long Term Memory lies here

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23
Q

2 hemispheres and their functions

A

Left - language, reading, mathematical calculations (details)

Right - visual and spatial processing (bigger concepts)

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24
Q

What is Neuroplasticity

A

Learning new skills = areas of the brain that are responsible for these skills become denser w/ neural tissue (growth)

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25
What are Dwecks 4 steps to fixed and growth mindset
1) hear your mindset voice 2) recognize you have a choice 3) respond to fixed w/ growth voice 4) take growth mindset actions
26
What is the information processing system
Explains how information can be acquired or lost. Identifies how our brain stores, encodes and retrieves information
27
What is the process of the IPS
Input - STSS - Pay attention - WM - Rehearsal - Elaborate and connect to prior knowledge - Store info in LTM
28
What is STSS
Short term sensory store - part of IPS that briefly stores info from senses
29
What is WM
Working memory - part of IPS that active processing of info takes place in
30
What 3 things can happen to information in the WM
1) lost or forgotten 2) info can be retained in WM for a short period of time by repetition 3) info can be transferred to LTM by specific learning strategies
31
In what two ways is WM limited
1) capacity | 2) duration
32
What is the 7+_2?
WM of an Adult can only hold 5-9 chunks of information at once
33
What is chunking
Pieces of information bound together through meaning. Greater amount of info can be retained in working memory using this method
34
What is Maintained rehearsal
Repetition strategies to keep info active in WM
35
What is LTM
Long term memory - part of the IPS that holds information for a long time (unlimited capacity)
36
What are the 7 flaws in human memory?
Transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence
37
What is transience
Failure to remember a fact or idea (mindfart)
38
What is absent-mindedness
Breakdown between attention and memory (setting keys down and leaving w/o them)
39
What is blocking
Unsuccessful search for information (can't remember someone's name)
40
What is misattribution
Wrong memory to wrong source (when sally told you info but you mistaken by saying that Jenna said it)
41
Suggestibility
Memories that are implanted due to leading questions, comments, suggestions (police)
42
What is Bias
Changes of pervious info based on our current feelings (remembering a relationship and on the bad parts so you say it was terrible)
43
What is persistence
Remembering what we prefer to omit from our memory (racing thoughts at night, fight or flight, released chemicals, anxiety) (can't stop thinking of an event at night)
44
What is rote learning
Learning through repetition without gaining deep understanding of material
45
What is meaningful learning
Making sense of info to be stored in LTM
46
4 learning strategies
Mnemonic(memory and aid to help encoding), rehearsal(note cards note taking copying material), elaboration(summarizing notemaking answering questions) , organizational (selecting main ideas outlining mapping)
47
What is distributed practice
Perfected over massed practice frequent and short periods of studying (pomodoro)
48
What is massed practice
Cramming, short period of time
49
What is rehearsal strategies
Copying material verbatim note taking reciting info underlining material
50
What is elaboration strategies
Connecting LTM to new details, examples, summaries
51
What is acronyms
First letter of each word to form a memorable word or saying
52
What is organizational strategies
Mapping, organizing into categories
53
Are brains malleable
Yes they are able to change
54
What is a good technique to store INFO into LTM
spaced repetition- repeat what you are trying to retain by spacing repetition out over a number of days (this gives time for synaptic connections to form and strengthen)
55
3 steps to chunking
1) focus attention on info 2) understand the basic idea 3) gain context so you see not just how but also when to use the chunk
56
What is bottom up chunking process
Where practice and repetition can help to both build and strengthen each chunk- to gain easy access of info later
57
What is top-down process
"Big picture" allows you to see where and what you are learning fits in
58
What is more effective than rereading
Recall (retrieval practice) more focused and effective
59
What is illusion of competence
Looking like you're taking in information but you're not (inactively reading)
60
What law of serendipity
Lady Luck favors the one who tries
61
2 ways to solve problems
Sequential thinking & Holistic Intuition
62
What is sequential thinking
Step by step reasoning
63
Holistic intuition
Require a creative diffused mode linking of several seemingly different focused mode thoughts
64
What is interleaving
Practicing different problems that require different strategies
65
7 Steps to building powerful chunks m
1) work a key problem all the way through 2) do another repetition of the problem, paying attention to the key processes 3) take a break 4) sleep 5) do another repetition (deliberate practice) 6) add a new problem 7) do "active" repetition
66
What is deliberate practice
Continued focus on the hard stuff and not on stuff you know well
67
What is Generation effect
Generating (recalling) material helps to learn info more effectively than rereading
68
Knowledge collapses
Seems to occur when the mind is restructuring it's understanding and building a more solid foundation
69
What is choking
Panicking to the point where you freeze, can happen when your working memory is filled to capacity, no more room for additional critical pieces needed to solve a problem
70
What is the testing effect
Testing = powerful learning experience, changes and adds to what you know, making dramatic improvements in the ability to retain material. Improvement in knowledge
71
What is memory palace technique
Calling to mind a familiar place | Use mnemonic then connect to visual places
72
In order to move info from WM to LTM what must the info be
Memorable and repeated
73
What is memorable sentence
First letter of each word to create a sentence
74
Rules of good studying
``` Recall Test yourself Chunk your problems Space your repetition Alternate different problem solving techniques during your practice ``` ``` Take breaks Use explanatory questioning and simple analogies Focus Eat your frogs first Make a mental contrast ```
75
Rules of bad studying
Passive reading Letting highlights overwhelm you Merely glancing at a problems solution thinking you know how to do it Waiting till last minute to study Repeatedly solving problems of the same type that you already know how to solve Letting study sessions with friends turn into chat sessions Neglecting to read textbook before you start working problems Not talking with instructors or students to clear points of confusions Think you can learn deeply when distracted Not getting enough sleep
76
What is neurogenesis
Growth of brain cells

EDUC 330 (2 decks)

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