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EDUC 330 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is focused mode

A

Highly attentive status: concentration utilized prefrontal cortex of the brain

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2
Q

What is diffused mode?

A

Resting state network, working quietly in the background on something you are not actively focused on

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3
Q

What are the 5 motives for communication with a professor

A

Relative (develop relationship), functional(course related), excuse-making, participation, sycophancy(kiss up)

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4
Q

What are some ways to improve a study group?

A

1) avoid social-loafing
2) keep it small
3) accountability of participants
4) use incentives

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5
Q

What is identity status theory?

A

Ones sense of identity as being determined largely by choices and commitments

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6
Q

What are the four identity statuses?

A

Identity diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and achievement

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7
Q

What is identity diffusion

A

Situation where individuals have not made any firm commitment and do not plan to (no crisis, no commitment)

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8
Q

What is identity moratorium

A

Alternative choices are considered. Exploring but no commitments have been made (crisis, no commitment)

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9
Q

What is identity foreclosure?

A

Individuals select some convenient set of believes or goals without carefully considering stable commitment (no crisis, commitment)

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10
Q

What is identity achievement?

A

Individuals resolve the identity crisis and settles on the relatively stable commitment (crisis, commitment)

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11
Q

Productivity pyramid? (Bottom to top)

A

Governing values - long-range goals - intermediate goals - daily task

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12
Q

What is a goal

A

Whatever an individual is striving to accomplish

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13
Q

What are the three goal properties

A

Specificity, proximity, difficulty

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14
Q

What are the 5 steps to goal setting?

A

1) identify and define goal
2) generate and evaluate alternative goals
3) make implantation plans
4) implement the plan
5) evaluate your success

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15
Q

What is a SMART goal?

A

Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound

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16
Q

What are the four parts of a habit?

A

cue, routine, reward, belief

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17
Q

What is mental contrasting?

A

Comparing where you are now to what you want to achieve or be (visualization, visual board)

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18
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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19
Q

Frontal lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Conscience thinking, language, reasoning, planning, decision making, self-monitoring

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20
Q

Parietal lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Paying attention, processing word sounds

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21
Q

Occipital lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Interpreting and remembering visual information

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22
Q

Temporal lobe is responsible for what functions

A

Interpreting and remembering auditory information. Long Term Memory lies here

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23
Q

2 hemispheres and their functions

A

Left - language, reading, mathematical calculations (details)

Right - visual and spatial processing (bigger concepts)

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24
Q

What is Neuroplasticity

A

Learning new skills = areas of the brain that are responsible for these skills become denser w/ neural tissue (growth)

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25
Q

What are Dwecks 4 steps to fixed and growth mindset

A

1) hear your mindset voice
2) recognize you have a choice
3) respond to fixed w/ growth voice
4) take growth mindset actions

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26
Q

What is the information processing system

A

Explains how information can be acquired or lost. Identifies how our brain stores, encodes and retrieves information

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27
Q

What is the process of the IPS

A

Input - STSS - Pay attention - WM - Rehearsal - Elaborate and connect to prior knowledge - Store info in LTM

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28
Q

What is STSS

A

Short term sensory store - part of IPS that briefly stores info from senses

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29
Q

What is WM

A

Working memory - part of IPS that active processing of info takes place in

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30
Q

What 3 things can happen to information in the WM

A

1) lost or forgotten
2) info can be retained in WM for a short period of time by repetition
3) info can be transferred to LTM by specific learning strategies

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31
Q

In what two ways is WM limited

A

1) capacity

2) duration

32
Q

What is the 7+_2?

A

WM of an Adult can only hold 5-9 chunks of information at once

33
Q

What is chunking

A

Pieces of information bound together through meaning. Greater amount of info can be retained in working memory using this method

34
Q

What is Maintained rehearsal

A

Repetition strategies to keep info active in WM

35
Q

What is LTM

A

Long term memory - part of the IPS that holds information for a long time (unlimited capacity)

36
Q

What are the 7 flaws in human memory?

A

Transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence

37
Q

What is transience

A

Failure to remember a fact or idea (mindfart)

38
Q

What is absent-mindedness

A

Breakdown between attention and memory (setting keys down and leaving w/o them)

39
Q

What is blocking

A

Unsuccessful search for information (can’t remember someone’s name)

40
Q

What is misattribution

A

Wrong memory to wrong source (when sally told you info but you mistaken by saying that Jenna said it)

41
Q

Suggestibility

A

Memories that are implanted due to leading questions, comments, suggestions (police)

42
Q

What is Bias

A

Changes of pervious info based on our current feelings (remembering a relationship and on the bad parts so you say it was terrible)

43
Q

What is persistence

A

Remembering what we prefer to omit from our memory (racing thoughts at night, fight or flight, released chemicals, anxiety) (can’t stop thinking of an event at night)

44
Q

What is rote learning

A

Learning through repetition without gaining deep understanding of material

45
Q

What is meaningful learning

A

Making sense of info to be stored in LTM

46
Q

4 learning strategies

A

Mnemonic(memory and aid to help encoding), rehearsal(note cards note taking copying material), elaboration(summarizing notemaking answering questions) , organizational (selecting main ideas outlining mapping)

47
Q

What is distributed practice

A

Perfected over massed practice frequent and short periods of studying (pomodoro)

48
Q

What is massed practice

A

Cramming, short period of time

49
Q

What is rehearsal strategies

A

Copying material verbatim note taking reciting info underlining material

50
Q

What is elaboration strategies

A

Connecting LTM to new details, examples, summaries

51
Q

What is acronyms

A

First letter of each word to form a memorable word or saying

52
Q

What is organizational strategies

A

Mapping, organizing into categories

53
Q

Are brains malleable

A

Yes they are able to change

54
Q

What is a good technique to store INFO into LTM

A

spaced repetition- repeat what you are trying to retain by spacing repetition out over a number of days (this gives time for synaptic connections to form and strengthen)

55
Q

3 steps to chunking

A

1) focus attention on info
2) understand the basic idea
3) gain context so you see not just how but also when to use the chunk

56
Q

What is bottom up chunking process

A

Where practice and repetition can help to both build and strengthen each chunk- to gain easy access of info later

57
Q

What is top-down process

A

“Big picture” allows you to see where and what you are learning fits in

58
Q

What is more effective than rereading

A

Recall (retrieval practice) more focused and effective

59
Q

What is illusion of competence

A

Looking like you’re taking in information but you’re not (inactively reading)

60
Q

What law of serendipity

A

Lady Luck favors the one who tries

61
Q

2 ways to solve problems

A

Sequential thinking & Holistic Intuition

62
Q

What is sequential thinking

A

Step by step reasoning

63
Q

Holistic intuition

A

Require a creative diffused mode linking of several seemingly different focused mode thoughts

64
Q

What is interleaving

A

Practicing different problems that require different strategies

65
Q

7 Steps to building powerful chunks m

A

1) work a key problem all the way through
2) do another repetition of the problem, paying attention to the key processes
3) take a break
4) sleep
5) do another repetition (deliberate practice)
6) add a new problem
7) do “active” repetition

66
Q

What is deliberate practice

A

Continued focus on the hard stuff and not on stuff you know well

67
Q

What is Generation effect

A

Generating (recalling) material helps to learn info more effectively than rereading

68
Q

Knowledge collapses

A

Seems to occur when the mind is restructuring it’s understanding and building a more solid foundation

69
Q

What is choking

A

Panicking to the point where you freeze, can happen when your working memory is filled to capacity, no more room for additional critical pieces needed to solve a problem

70
Q

What is the testing effect

A

Testing = powerful learning experience, changes and adds to what you know, making dramatic improvements in the ability to retain material. Improvement in knowledge

71
Q

What is memory palace technique

A

Calling to mind a familiar place

Use mnemonic then connect to visual places

72
Q

In order to move info from WM to LTM what must the info be

A

Memorable and repeated

73
Q

What is memorable sentence

A

First letter of each word to create a sentence

74
Q

Rules of good studying

A 
Recall
Test yourself
Chunk your problems 
Space your repetition
Alternate different problem solving techniques during your practice
Take breaks
Use explanatory questioning and simple analogies 
Focus
Eat your frogs first
Make a mental contrast
75
Q

Rules of bad studying

A

Passive reading
Letting highlights overwhelm you
Merely glancing at a problems solution thinking you know how to do it

Waiting till last minute to study
Repeatedly solving problems of the same type that you already know how to solve
Letting study sessions with friends turn into chat sessions

Neglecting to read textbook before you start working problems

Not talking with instructors or students to clear points of confusions

Think you can learn deeply when distracted
Not getting enough sleep

76
Q

What is neurogenesis

A

Growth of brain cells

EDUC 330 (2 decks)

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