Exam 2 Flashcards
(43 cards)
1
Q
dissociative disorders
A
- the person experiences disruptions of consciousness
- they lose track of self-awareness, memory, and identity
2
Q
somatoform disorders
A
- the person complains of bodily symptoms that suggest a physical defect or dysfunction that no physiological reason can be found for
- psychological symptoms take a physiological form
3
Q
dissociation
A
when some aspects of cognition or experience are inaccessible consciously
4
Q
dissociative amnesia
A
memory loss, typically of a stressful experience
5
Q
dissociative fugue
A
memory loss accompanied by leaving home and establishing a new identity
6
Q
depersonalization disorder
A
alteration in the experience of the self
7
Q
dissociative identity disorder
A
at least two distinct personalities that act independently of each other (usually associated with trauma)
8
Q
posttraumatic model theory of DID
A
- some people are particularly likely to use dissociation to cope with trauma
- children who dissociate are more likely to develop psychological symptoms after trauma
9
Q
sociocognitive model theory of DID
A
- it is the result of learning to enact social roles
- alters appear in response to suggestions by therapists, exposure to media reports of DID, or other cultural influences
10
Q
treatment for DID
A
- empathic and gentle stance with the goal of helping the client function as one wholly integrated person
- assist with healthy coping techniques
11
Q
pain disorder
A
pain brought on by psychological factors
12
Q
body dismorphic disorder
A
preoccupation with imagined or exaggerated defects in physical appearance
13
Q
hypochondriasis
A
- preoccupation with fears of have a serious illness
- must persist for at least 6 months
14
Q
somatization disorder
A
- AKA Briquet’s syndrome
- recurrent,multiple physical complaints that have no biological basis
15
Q
conversion disorder
A
- sensory or motor symptoms without any physiological cause
- ex: paralysis, loss of voice
16
Q
malingering
A
physical incapacity faked to avoid responsibility
17
Q
factitious disorder
A
- AKA Munchhausen’s
- intentionally produced symptoms
- deceptive behavior is present without obvious external rewards
- factitious disorder imposed on self: present themselves as ill or injured
- factitious disorder imposed on another: person fabricates or induces symptoms in another person and presents that person as ill or injured
18
Q
etiologies of conversion disorder
A
- psychodynamic: results when a person experiences an emotionally overwhelming event, but the emotion isn’t expressed and the memory is cut off from consciousness (no support)
- psychodynamic revised: there’s a disruption in the normal functions of consciousness so the person doesn’t have an explicit awareness of sensory and motor info
- social and cultural factors: it is more likely to occur in cultures and subcultures that prohibit psychological expression of distress
19
Q
cognitive behavioral models for somatoform disorders
A
- Physiological symptom because of either a medical illness or a nonpathological change in physiological functioning
- They pay greater attention to these symptoms
- Make negative attributions to the symptoms
- Catastrophizing the symptoms leads to symptom exacerbation and further distress
- Person may assume the sick role
- Person may seek reassurance from family and doctors and the help-seeking behavior is reinforced if it results in the person getting attention or sympathy
20
Q
treatment for somatoform disorders
A
- CBT:
- Identify and change the emotions that trigger their somatic concerns
- Change their cognitions regarding their somatic symptoms
- Change their behaviors so they stop playing the role of a sick person and gain more reinforcement for engaging in other types of social interactions
- Treating anxiety and depression often reduces some somatoform symptoms
- Training people to pay less attention to their body or help people identify and challenge negative thoughts about their bodies.
- Helping people resume healthy activities and decrease reliance on playing the sick role
21
Q
major depressive disorder
A
- must include depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure and at least four symptoms or 5 symptoms in DSM-5
- requires depressive symptoms for 2 weeks
- episodic disorder
22
Q
dysthymia
A
- depressed mood for most of the day for more than half the time for 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents)
- symptoms don’t clear for more than 2 months at a time
23
Q
bipolar I disorder
A
- single episode of mania or mixed episode in a person’s life
- may or may not be experiencing current symptoms of mania when diagnosed
- don’t need to have a depressive episode
24
Q
bipolar II disorder
A
- milder form of bipolar disorder
- one major depressive episode and at least one episode of hypomania
25
cyclothymia
- symptoms persist for at least 2 years
- frequent, but mild symptoms of depression alternating with mild symptoms of mania
- symptoms don't reach the severity of full-blown manic or depressive episodes
26
Beck's theory of depression
- depression is associated with the negative triad: negative views of the self, world, and the future
- in childhood, people with depression get negative schemata through experience which causes cognitive biases
27
hopelessness theory
- seligman proposed animals acquire a sense of helplessness with uncontrollable aversive situations (cat being shocked in cage) which impairs their performance even when situations are controllable
28
attributional styles
* internal (personal) vs. external (environmental) causes
* stable (permanent) vs. unstable (temporary) causes
* global (relevant to many life domains) vs. specific (limited to one area) causes
29
interpersonal psychotherapy
- examines interpersonal problems
- focuses on one or two issues with goal to help the person identify their feelings about these issues and make changes to resolve related problems
- typically brief
30
cognitive therapy
- alters maladaptive thought patterns
| - tries to help depressed person to change their opinions about the self
31
behavioral activation therapy
- states that the inactivity and withdrawal components of depression diminish the already low levels of positive reinforcement associated with depression
- seeks to increase participation in positively reinforcing activities
32
egoistic suicide
committed by people who have few ties to family, society, or community. They feel socially isolated which is profoundly important in understanding suicide.
33
altruistic suicide
committed because the person believes it will be for the good of society. (suicide bombers)
34
anomic suicide
triggered by a sudden change in a person’s relation to society. Societies experiencing serious economic and cultural changes can promote anomie and even suicidality.
35
difference between anorexia and bulimia
weight loss: people with anorexia nervosa lose tremendous amount of weight, while people with bulimia nervosa do not
36
substance dependence
- using more than intended, trying unsuccessfully to stop, having physical or psychological problems made worse, experiencing problems at work or with friends
- includes either tolerance or withdrawal
37
substance abuse
- person experiences problems socially and legally
38
substance use disorder
- combined substance abuse and dependence in DSM-5
- problematic pattern of use that impairs functioning
- two or more symptoms within one year
39
stimulant vs. depressant
stimulant increases activity in the body and nervous system while depressant decreases
40
stimulant examples
- amphetamines
- caffeine
- cocaine
- MDMA
- tobacco
41
depressant examples
- alcohol
- barbiturates
- benzodiazepines
- codeine (for 90%, stimulant for others)
- GHB (horse tranquilizer)
- heroin
- marijuana
- methadone
- morphine
42
signs of alcohol abuse
- initial phase: social drinker uses alcohol to relieve tension or feel good (increasing consumption, morning drinking, regretted behavior, blackouts)
- crucial phase: person begins to lose control over drinking (one drink starts a chain reaction)
- chronic phase: alcohol dependence, compulsive and continuous drinking and rarely eating
43
treatment for alcohol abuse
- detoxification
- restore health (damaged organs and nervous system)
- sobriety may be helps by tranquilizers, antidepressants, or psychotherapy
- alcoholics anonymous
- rational recovery and secular organizations for sobriety for nonspiritual approaches
