Exam 2 Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
The Alien and Sedition Acts were enacted due to Federalist fear of the democratic effects of the French Revolution on American citizens.
A
True
2
Q
For the urban working classes evangelicalism meant a theodicy of suffering and salvation in accordance with God’s Providence.
A
True
3
Q
Gabriel Prosser’s rebellion demonstrated the irrelevance of white concepts of “liberty” and “revolution” to slaves thirsting for bloody revenge.
A
FALSE, his army in the rebellion actually had banners that read “Give me Liberty or give me Death”
4
Q
The second or “American” slave labor system emphasized expanding the acreage of cotton cultivation rather than increasing the productivity of slave labor.
A
False
5
Q
In antebellum America the capitalist revolution created a new “middle class” of well-to-do commercial farmers and urban manufacturers.
A
TRUE
6
Q
To gain maximum advantage from an expanded market and their power over wage labor, capitalist employers converted expensive skilled work into simpler and cheaper unskilled tasks.
A
True
7
Q
Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner demonstrated the power of Evangelical Christianity to inspire rebellion against slavery.
A
True
8
Q
Workingman’s Party support for Jacksonian democracy was rooted in the naive belief that restoring “republican ideals” would protect workers from the concentration and centralization of capital and the proletarianization of labor.
A
TRUE
9
Q
In order to make the Senate more democratic, the Constitution mandated that Senators be directly elected every two years by all voters deemed eligible within each state.
A
FALSE, were given terms until 17th amendmant and it was 6 years
10
Q
The “pushing system” and the “whipping machine” combined gang labor, direct supervision, rigorous measurement, and calibrated torture to compel slaves continually to improve their efficiency.
A
True
11
Q
The labor movement in antebellum America suffered from the fact that proletarianization seemingly affected only urban, big-city labor not the rural, small-town majority of the nation’s population.
A
FALSE
12
Q
In Fletcher v. Peck the Supreme Court ruled that the Georgia legislature could nullify previous sales of government lands based on corruption.
A
False, nullifying previous sales would have gone against grant contracts —> going against constitution
13
Q
The promise of a Bill of Rights channeled doubts about the new government into the relatively harmless area of civil liberties, while preserving the anti-democratic economic and political structure of the Constitution as a whole.
A
True
14
Q
The Missouri Compromise demonstrated that, in the end, political wisdom could overcome the tension between northern capitalism and southern slavery.
A
FALSE, civil war occured
15
Q
Because they believed blacks to be content with their lives as slaves, the master class was convinced that if discontent and rebellion existed they must be the result of external “subversive” influences.
A
True
16
Q
For industrial workers in antebellum manufacturing centers, “free labor” meant organizing trade unions to create a new economic independence and a new moral community.
A
TRUE
17
Q
In order to eliminate the threat of democracy the founding fathers included a substantial property qualification for voting within the new Constitution of the United States.
A
TRUE
18
Q
Class struggle on the plantation stemmed from the fundamental fact that slaves did not want to be slaves.
A
True
19
Q
In order to fund the national debt, Hamilton proposed a land tax on the holdings of wealthy landowners and an income tax on the revenues of wealthy merchants.
A
FALSE, he taxed wine and whiskey
20
Q
The founding fathers who drafted the American Constitution were democratic in their political ideology.
A
FALSE
21
Q
After the War of 1812, American merchant capital shifted from international commerce to the development of the domestic economy.
A
TRUE
22
Q
Because it took place after the Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812, the Battle of New Orleans had no impact on the expansion of slavery.
A
FALSE, Blacks fought in Battle of New Orleans for their freedom
23
Q
For rural folk suffering from the capitalist transformation of America, the Second Great Awakening meant abandoning notions of Providence and patriarchy that no longer seemed to reflect God’s will.
A
FALSE, (the second great awakening was in favor of providence and patriarchy)
24
Q
For Thomas Jefferson the future of American democracy depended upon the development of its manufacturing and the expansion of its domestic market by canals and roads funded by the federal government.
A
FALSE, he thought slave owning was best
25
In order to insure the legitimacy of the Constitution, its supporters were concerned that the ratification process be carried out slowly and deliberately in order that the will of the majority would prevail.
FALSE, ratification was rushed so people couldn't fight it
26
The introduction of the sewing machine in the late 1840s greatly improved the working conditions and income of female outworkers in the clothing industry.
FALSE, working conditions in factories were horrible
27
Middle-class domesticity insisted upon an authoritarian family structure based upon the direct rule of the father over his wife and children.
True
28
Middle-class evangelicalism gave the winners of the capitalist revolution confidence that their success reflected the will of God and sanctioned their "mission" to "convert" the lower classes in order to "save" them.
True
29
After the demise of the Federalist Party, the Republicans led by Madison and Monroe intensified their attack on concentrated wealth and disruptive market forces.
FALSE
30
The wave of Irish and German emigrants were welcomed by native-born workers who understood that their own upward mobility was enhanced by a multitude of easily exploited, foreign-born laborers.
FALSE, they hated emigrants
31
According to capitalist "free labor" ideology, wage labor cannot be "wage slavery" since wage laborers possess legal equality with their employers, freedom of conscience, the right to a home and family, and the opportunity for upward mobility.
TRUE
32
In the antebellum South white supremacy helped to neutralize class conflicts between planter elites and poorer whites.
FALSE, there was still honor in slave holding and money
33
The tidal wave of immigrants between 1840 and 1860 provided essential wage laborers in an American society where large numbers of people still lived on their own land.
FALSE
34
After the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson forced the Creeks to give up 23 million acres which would then be sold to American enslavers.
FALSE, land went to the government
35
The Haitian Revolution made it possible for the United States to open up the Mississippi Valley to the domestic slave trade.
TRUE
36
The C. A. P. L. formula allowed the South to control its own credit by issuing investment bonds based on slave-based mortgages backed by guarantees from state legislatures.
True
37
"Speed up" and "stretch-out" were techniques used by Lowell textile manufacturers to make operatives more productive as "premiums" paid to workers began to increase dramatically in the 1830s.
TRUE
38
Yazoo land speculations demonstrated that wealthy Americans were willing to pour money into the expansion of slavery.
False, Georgia governor sold land at significantly discounted price in exchange for bribery.
39
Although a supporter of "states rights," Jackson refused to allow state governments to take over lands granted to Indians by the Federal Government.
FALSE, trail of tears happened under jackson
40
The economic crisis of 1837-1843 resulted in a significant increase in the number and size of trade unions and in the number of strikes against employers.
FALSE, crashed trade unions
41
Antebellum Whigs found supporters among those who gained little from the capitalist revolution and who had no use for the moral agenda of the Democrats.
TRUE
42
The availability of large numbers of cheap "outworkers" in the surrounding countryside made the transition to mechanized factory production of shoes in Lynn expensive and unnecessary.
FALSE
43
The essence of the capitalist revolution in manufacturing was the dispossession of self-employed labor and the proletarianization of wage labor.
True
44
Planters believed that the master's power over his slaves was entirely unlike a father's power over his wife and children.
FALSE
45
Under capitalism, democracy must necessarily privilege elite property rights over the well being of the majority.
True
46
Micajah Pratt was a major figure in process of displacing masters from the production of shoes in Lynn by building huge central shops supplied by an army of outworkers from the surrounding villages and farms.
True
47
Middle-class evangelicals such as Charles Finney and Albert Barnes believed that God would first destroy the world "in fire and blood" before beginning the thousand-year reign of Christ on earth.
FALSE, (they believed in premillinialism which is that we can be better before the second coming)
48
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, principal author of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, condemned inequality between men and women, especially the fact that women were denied the right to vote.
True
49
Angelina and Sarah Grimké rejected the prevailing ideology of separate spheres for men and women.
True
50
Because most Americans saw private property as essential to economic independence they were unlikely to be attracted to utopian communities.
True
51
Under capitalism even unpaid, "surplus" labor appears to be paid, while under slavery even paid labor, in the form of food and housing, appears to be unpaid.
True
52
Jacksonian democracy applied only to men and women who were "free, white, and 21."
FALSE, just men
53
"Middle-class" farmers of the antebellum Northwest separated themselves from the majority of lower class farmers by using expensive labor-saving machinery and scientific farming techniques.
TRUE
54
During the Nullification Crisis Jackson maintained that "states rights" existed prior to the Union and therefore existed independently of the Union.
FALSE, Jackson was against Calhoun and Nullification
55
Minstrel shows forged a common "whiteness" out of working-class ethnic diversity and allowed Northern workers to express their ambivalence about the process of proletarianization to which they were being subjected.
TRUE
56
The Erie Canal inaugurated a capitalist transformation of the United States by creating a huge domestic market connecting the Northwest and the Northeast.
True
57
"Accommodation" to slavery by slaves themselves constituted a form of class struggle--doing as little as possible, engaging in sabotage, and pretending to be incapable of performing complex tasks.
TRUE
58
The slave mode of production had to expand or it would die from soil exhaustion and a slave population that would be no longer profitable.
True
59
The economic crashes of 1819-22, 1837-43, and 1857-9 were caused by excessive government regulation of the economy and excessively high wages demanded by organized workers.
FALSE, crashes due to inflation and unbacked credit debt
60
For factory workers of the industrial northeast, "free labor" meant the freedom of labor to organize and strike, the solidarity of the trade union movement, and the assertion of their rights against the power of capital.
TRUE
61
The Republican Party of Lynn was able to use Civil War patriotism to impose a capitalist urban and political structure on the city.
True
62
The capitalist revolution in agriculture strengthened the independence and financial security of most yeoman farmers.
True
63
Shakers practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded recorded all sexual relations within their community.
FALSE
64
If the voice of the people had been respected the United States Constitution would have failed to be ratified.
True
65
The antebellum South had a dual economy consisting of plantations at the commercial center and yeoman farmers on the economic periphery.
TRUE
66
Jefferson believed that the Louisiana Purchase would ensure the survival of American democracy for the foreseeable future.
True
67
Joseph Smith's religious visions involved a moral struggle between good yeomen farmers and evil merchants, as well as the restoration of patriarchal authority.
TRUE
68
Elected Mayor of Lynn on the basis of strong working-class support, George Hood used democratic politics to deflect worker demands for "equal rights" away from a critique of capitalist production as a whole and onto single issues and minor reforms.
TRUE
69
The financial panics of 1819, 1837, and 1857 were the product of unique circumstances unrelated to the inherent characteristics of capitalism.
FALSE
70
Through the stories of Exodus and the visions of Revelations Christianity gave slaves a sense of themselves as a chosen people destined to be delivered from slavery by God's action.
True
71
Proslavery clergymen often used the Bible to justify slavery noting that the Chosen People of the Old Testament had been slave owners and that Jesus had lived in a slave society and never criticized it.
True
72
Paper money is essential to economic growth because it allows banks to create money simply by lending more they actually possess.
True
73
Demand for food, clothing, and tools by southern plantations stimulated rapid capitalist development in the South, which by the 1850s threatened slavery itself.
FALSE
74
The economic boom of the 1830s was made possible by strict state regulation of bank credit, securitization of slave-based mortgages, and high-risk speculation on future cotton revenues.
False, Economic Boom happened because with Indians removed.... land was being sold for cheap and no one was checking if they had enough money to pay
75
The Evangelicalism of the lower and rural classes of antebellum America may be characterized as a theodicy of resistance and reform.
False
76
"Perfectionism" was the idea that improving society was not possible.
FALSE
77
Rapid urbanization in the antebellum North created a demand for food that resulted in a capitalist revolution in agriculture.
FALSE
78
The War of 1812 was significant because it cleared the New West of Indian as well as British opposition to the westward expansion of the United States.
True
79
Because of their own experience of discrimination in England, Irish immigrants to the United States rejected racism within the Democratic Party and "whiteness" among American workers.
FALSE
80
Jay's Treaty of 1794 demonstrated the willingness of president Washington and the Federalists to stand up to British interference with American shipping.
FALSE, it favored trade between US and UK
81
In the aftermath of the Panics of 1837 and 1839, many Southwestern planters in were able to repudiate their debts by transporting their slaves across the border into Texas.
TRUE
82
Maspero's Coffee House became the hub of a booming and well-organized domestic slave market connecting buyers in the slavery frontier to suppliers in the Chesapeake.
True
83
The Louisiana Slave Revolt of 1811 nearly succeeded because territorial governor Clairborne refused to act swiftly and ruthlessly to suppress it.
TRUE
84
The abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s was based upon the conviction that slavery was a form of labor exploitation implicitly legitimized by Northern bankers, merchants, and textile manufacturers.
True
85
For Jacksonian democrats "free labor" meant independent, self-employed yeomen and artisans not "wage slavery" and widespread economic dependence on employers.
TRUE
86
Hamilton's new Bank of the United States allowed wealthy elites to own and profit from it, while forcing the common people to fund the national debt with federal excise taxes.
True
87
In order to insure that wealthy speculators be paid full face value for their revolutionary war bonds, Hamilton proposed the federal government assume the debts of the states as part of the national debt.
TRUE
88
Although their standard of living was low, unskilled wage laborers in antebellum America could count on continuous employment and decent housing.
FALSE, employment was competitive and housing conditions were poor
89
During the "Bank Wars" Northeastern banks and holders of slave-based bonds were able to persuade Southwestern state legislatures to honor their pledges to guarantee the obligations of their state banks at taxpayer expense..
TRUE
90
Jackson's destruction of the Bank of the United States and his unprecedented use of the presidential veto were endorsed by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster.
FALSE
91
The American Temperance Society was created by middle-class evangelicals anxious to improve the moral character of their own class and control the vices of the lower classes.
True
92
When artisan shoemakers of Lynn spoke of "equal rights" they meant a "wage bill" to prevent employer "parasites" from cheating them out of their "fair share" of their own production.
TRUE
93
"The ballot box is the coffin of class consciousness" insofar as working people believe that political democracy can control the economic and political power of capitalists.
True
94
The Rise of "King Cotton" solved the crisis of slavery in the Old South by creating a domestic slave trade with the New South.
True
95
Slave rebellions were more frequent and more successful where the population of slaves outnumbered whites, where wilderness refuges were available, where a substantial free mixed-race existed, and where the white population was divided by politics and economics.
True
96
For defenders of states rights such as John C. Calhoun, states that had created the Union, had the right to secede from it and the right to nullify federal laws within their own borders.
TRUE
97
The founding fathers viewed the president as the "voice of the people" who should therefore be elected directly by a popular vote.
FALSE
98
Jackson's battle against the B. U. S. united democratic hostility to "money power" with speculators and entrepreneurs anxious to fuel a credit bubble.
TRUE
99
The capitalist mode of production split artisan masters and journeymen into antagonistic classes of owners and workers.
TRUE
100
The second B. U. S. ensured safe and steady economic growth, but was a "rich man's club" whose policies favored the already rich and politically connected.
True
101
As a result of paternalist ideology the southern master class viewed slaves as members of a plantation family and lessened the systematic exploitation of enslaved labor.
TRUE, paternalist ideology says slave owners provides for slave as long as he provides for him
Lessened Slave Owner's guilt
102
Middle-class evangelicals such as Charles Finney preached a reformed Protestantism based on moral free agency and the belief that after the experience of conversion Christians would make themselves and the world better.
True
103
The capitalist revolution in antebellum America resulted in legal changes favoring corporations--firms with special privileges granted by the government freeing its investors and directors from personal liability for its debts.
True
104
Faced with widespread labor unrest such as the New York Lockout of 1836, striking textile workers in Lowell in 1834 and 1836, and a general strike in Philadelphia in 1835, capitalist employers abandoned their opposition to trade unions.
TRUE
105
Southern planters were hostile to urbanization and industrialization because they encouraged the immigration of politically subversive white labor while undermining the subservience of black slaves to their masters.
True
106
To offset the "three-fifths" clause that over-represented slave owners in the House of Representatives, the framers insisted that a Bill of Rights be included in the Constitution.
FALSE, federalists wanted bill of rights ratified by popular class
107
Jacksonian democracy reconciled its defense of both economic populism and capitalism by means of free-market competiton.
True
108
In order to suppress the Fries Rebellion against federal taxes for military expansion Federalist president John Adams used the army to arrest Fries for treason, terrorize his supporters, and publically whip Republican newspaper editors.
FALSE, arrested leaders but pardoned them
109
Distrusting "money power" Jackson opposed wealthy merchants and bankers of the North and wealthy planters who dominated the yeoman of the South.
TRUE
110
Profits from ready-made clothing produced by companies like Brooks Brothers were initially low because less-skilled women outworkers had to be used to make up for a shortage of skilled artisans.
FALSE, they make higher profit because they paid women less
111
Under capitalism labor sells its labor for a wage but produces value greater than the wage it is paid--a "surplus value" that is appropriated by the capitalist, sold to consumers, and realized as his or her profit.
True
112
The ultimate failure of Jacksonian democracy stemmed from its attempt to defend both private property and economic equality.
TRUE
113
For the new middle class of the antebellum North the public world of politics and commerce was the proper sphere for men, while women were to exercise new kinds of moral influence as child-rearers within the home.
TRUE
114
The so-called "American System" of mass-production involved the use of machine-tooled interchangeable parts.
TRUE
115
Capitalism privileges property rights over community rights, while democracy privileges community rights over property rights.
TRUE
116
James Madison believed that a large republic would permit many private interests to compete without any one of them being able to dominate the others.
FALSE, believed that many private interests could serve as "Checks and Balances" - Majority would rule but Minority Rights would be well-represented
117
Minstrel shows not only forged a common "whiteness" out of working-class ethnic diversity, they allowed American workers to express their ambivalence about the process of proletarianization to which they were being subjected.
TRUE
118
Antebellum Whigs found supporters among those who gained little from the capitalist revolution and who had no use for the moral agenda of the Democrats.
FALSE
