Exam 3 Flashcards by Jack Amheiser

In the 1850s the Republican Party attempted to win working class votes by supporting a lower tariff on imported manufacturing goods.

False: The republican party was pro capitalism and supported tariffs bc it supported northern industries

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Among the Confederacy’s advantages during the Civil War was that its military-aged male population was greater than the Unions.

False: the Union army had 2 million men and the Confederacy had 900K

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Unwilling either to criticize “wage slavery” in the North or to condemn slavery in the South, the Democratic Party increasingly appealed to racism in order to compete with the Republican Party.

True

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The Mississippi Delta and East Texas constituted an “internal frontier” for cotton production noted for low cost investment and moderate exploitation in the 1850s.

True

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The goal of the Confederacy during the Civil War was to not to win, but to force the North to realize that victory was impossible, weaken its will to fight, and force it to concede southern independence.

True

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Lincoln responded to southern arguments defending secession by denying that the states had ever possessed independent sovereignty and that in the absence of moral justification, the “right of revolution” is simply an exercise in physical power.

True

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By promising cheap western land to white family farmers, “Free Soil” ideology appealed to popular-class values of equality and racism.

False: free soil is free for everyone, including blacks

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Thaddeus Stevens opposed the confiscation and redistribution of land of disloyal Southern planters as a violation of the Constitution.

False: He supported taking land for disloyal planters and giving it to blacks and yeoman farmers

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The South’s strategy of attrition in 1864 produced staggering Union casualties and greatly strengthened the anti-war candidacy of Democrat George McClellan.

False: this was the North’s Strategy

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By means of his Freeport Doctrine, Stephen Douglas argued that the Dred Scott decision meant that antislavery settlers were obligated to assist slaveowners in the prevention and pursuit of escaped slaves.

False: Said that they still had popular sovereignty so they are not required to assist slaveowners with recapturing escaped slaves. people can do what they want

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At Antietam the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history.

True

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Lincoln wanted the Congress to pass the Thirteenth Amendment before the war ended in order to insure it would not be defeated by a post-war compromise between northern and southern Democrats.

True

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For many northerners, the term “slave power” meant the domination of the nation by the South, the domination of the South by wealthy planters who therefore constituted the ruling class of the United States.

True

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In 1860 the Democratic Party split when Stephen Douglass rejected southern demands for a federal slave code for the territories.

True

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During the first two years of the war Union forces were more successful in the East than in the West.

False: they were more successful in the WEST

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The creation of “Contraband Camps” allowed the North to attack southern slavery without declaring abolition to be an objective of the Civil War.

True

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In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe presented the social relations of southern slavery as a peaceful relationship between noble slaves like Uncle Tom and paternalist slaveowners such as Simon Legree.

False: Legree was a cruel slave owner; not paternalistic

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The civil war in Kansas virtually halted immigration, collapsed speculative land and railroad bubbles, and triggered the panic of 1857.

False: Kansas Civil war created lots of immigrants in Kansas which fueled the railroad bubble

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By and large, white voters in the South returned prominent Confederates and members of the old elite to power during Presidential Reconstruction.

True

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Lincoln was hesitant to support abolition early in the war because he feared losing the support of slaveholding border states within the Union.

True

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By vigorously enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law the northern states were able to convince southerners of their intention to honor the Compromise of 1850.

False: The northerners did not enforce the slave code, which made southerners doubt their intensions

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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 became the first important law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto.

True

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The Panic of 1857 allowed Republicans to overcome Democratic resistance to the Homestead Act and to land grants for the Transcontinental Railroad.

False; it created a gridlock because the north and south could not agree on anything

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Lincoln initially insisted that slavery was irrelevant to the Civil War.

True

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President Pierce, a northern "doughface" Democrat, refused to support the attempts of southern Democrats to annex Cuba as a slaveowning state.

False: he secretly supported annexing Cuba

"Popular sovereignty" in Kansas produced "dual power" and civil war within the territory, as well as splitting the federal government between supporters of the Lecompton and Lawrence constitutions.

True

In terms of black literacy, black schools, black voting, and even black economic well-being the Civil War was truly a social revolution.

False; this is not what the civil war was about

By fighting in the Union army, black soldiers inspired inspired northern Democrats to accept equal rights before the law regardless of race.

false: Many republicans came to believe that emancipation must bring with it equal protection

The Anaconda Plan involved a revolutionary transformation of southern society by means of total war.

False: it was a limited war trying to attract the south back into the Union

The ideology of "Manifest Destiny" was used by the Democratic Party to justify the extension of American territory to the Pacific Ocean, but was silent on the extension of slavery into the new West.

False: was not silent on extension of slavery into the West

By the mid-1870s white farmers were cultivating as much as as 80 percent of the South's cotton crop.

False: they were cultivating 40 percent

During the Civil War capitalists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller voluntarily provided important resources to the war effort.

True

Opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 weakened the new Republican Party while forcing northern and southern Whigs to unite across sectional lines.

Northern and Southern whigs did not unite, they split

Standing for "free soil" and "free labor," the Republican Party was able to appeal to northern farmers and native-born workers, but at the price of alienating many northern manufacturers.

False

Jefferson Davis lacked Lincoln's political flexibility and communication skills.

True

In the presidential campaign of 1844 James Polk promised to balance the annexation of slave territory in Texas by the acquisition of free territory in Oregon.

True

The primary reason Lincoln decided to proclaim the emancipation of slavery in the South was the growing demand for abolition among northern workers and Border State congressmen.

False: Lincoln pressured border states to emancipate

In 1856 Democratic presidential candidate James Buchanan used northern racism and the fear of southern secession to campaign against "Black" Republican support for "racial equality" and "disunion."

True

The introduction of "greenbacks" during the Civil War facilitated both rising profits for northern capitalists and rising real wages for northern workers.

False: The greenbacks raised inflation hurting wages for workers by not raising them

The "draft riots" in the North were the result of working-class outrage over the inequalities of the Conscription Act of 1863 as well as racist resentment over the Emancipation Proclamation.

True

The most divisive issue within the Confederacy were the heavy taxes on planters who resented paying the majority of the war's costs.

False

Grant's victory at Vicksburg was primarily responsible for Lincoln's reelection in 1864.

True

In the Dred Scott decision the Supreme Court ruled that Congress lacked the power to keep slavery out of any state or territory because slaves were property and thus protected by the Constitution.

True

The Sea Island experiment demonstrated how ex-slaves could be gainfully employed, educated, and well provided for.

True

The Union victory at Shiloh opened up the heart of the slave South to Union invasion.

True: led to the take over of Tennessee and then the victory at Vicksburg

Events in Kansas demonstrated to many northerners the willingness of the "Slave Power" to resort to illegal and violent means to extend slavery into the western territories.

True

According to John L. O'Sullivan's Democratic Review economic freedom was the key to the rise and fall of empires.

False: Race freedom was the key

Most black soldiers were emancipated slaves who joined the Union army after the North seized control of the rich plantation lands of the Mississippi Valley in 1863.

True

Hinton Helper's The Impending Crisis urged non-slaveholding southern whites to rally around the planter elites or face the inevitable destruction of "herrenvolk democracy."

False: wrote to teach non slaveholders that planter elites were bad

In the Slaughterhouse Cases the Supreme Court ruled that most citizen rights were under the control of state governments.

True

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

True

General Sherman's Special Field Order 15 set aside the Sea Islands and 40-acre tracts of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families.

True

The concept of "negative liberty" refers to the expansion of individual liberties protected by the central government from the negative power of the states to deny or restrict them.

False: Positive Liberty refers to this

Because of their own experience of discrimination in England, Irish immigrants to the United States rejected racism within the Democratic Party and "whiteness" among American workers.

False: The Irish were not at the bottom of the social ladder so they liked racism

Stephen Douglas's motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to promote the building of a transcontinental railroad.

True

Sherman's "march to the sea" was intended to destroy the South's ability to continue fighting and to crush the will of southerners to support the war.

True

Mass migration along the Oregon and California Trails was discouraged by the federal government because American settlers would antagonize the governments of Mexico and England.

False: they did not discourage this because Mexico and England did not care about this land

The Freedman's Bureau was despised by white southerners because it redistributed planter lands to former slaves.

True

After 1863 nearly two hundred thousand black soldiers served in the Union Army and the vast majority of them were recruited in the slave states.

True

In his famous debates with Stephen A. Douglas, Abraham Lincoln admitted blacks were inferior to whites in many respects, but they were equal to whites in their right to eat the bread earned with their own labor.

True

The economic crisis of 1857 significantly altered sectional debates in Congress when the Democratic Party embraced the anti-capitalist demands of industrial workers in the North.

False

By arguing for "substantive due process" John G. Palfrey claimed that abolition in the territories would violate the constitutional rights of Southern states to move, sell, buy, and exploit slave property.

False

Sharecropping was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor for wages because they would be less subject to white planter supervision.

True

In order to get the Nebraska territory organized, Stephen Douglas was willing to concede the repeal of 36º 30' boundary established by the Missouri Compromise.

True

Alarmed by the secession of seven southern states, President Lincoln supported John Crittenden's compromise regarding a return to the principles of the Missouri Compromise.

False: Republicans were not happy about the compromises made by Crittenden

The wholesale slaughter of the buffalo in the 1870s and the "pacification campaign" launched by the U.S. Army completed the final defeat and dispossession of the western plains Indians.

True

The Civil War was a bourgeois revolution insofar as it eliminated the contradictory coexistence of slave and capitalist modes of production within the same national government.

True

The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act greatly increased Southern chances to acquire Cuba for United States.

False: it had the opposite effect

The crop-lien system kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

True

After the ratification of the 14th amendment, the Supreme Court relentlessly upheld the power of the federal government to define and defend the rights of citizens in each and every state.

False: it weakened the federal governments power

American immigrants to Texas joined forces with tejanos to resist attempts by the government of Mexico to legalize slavery in 1835.

False: Mexico wanted to ban slavery

The Republican Party of Lincoln was able to use "free soil" to appeal to workers and farmers of the North, but at the cost of alienating capitalist manufacturers of the northeast.

False

The admission of California as a free state was critical to the South for it would alter, probably forever, the balance of power in the Senate in favor of the North.

True

Southern Black Codes allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.

True

Because he was a hero of the war with Mexico and a firm supporter of the Wilmot Proviso Zachary Taylor was an ideal presidential candidate for the Whig Party in 1848.

True

The Prostrate State depicts the terrorization of black southerners during the reign of the Ku Klux Klan.

False: it depicts South Carolina under so called corrupt negro rule of Reconstruction

For Abraham Lincoln, the Civil War meant the end of republican liberty because the Union would have been preserved by military force not the consent of the southern people.

False: War was a way to preserve the union and without it, the Union would have died

The Fifteenth Amendment opened the door to voting restrictions not based on race.

True

After his abortive attack on Harpers Ferry, John Brown was depicted as a terrorist and a religious extremist by most abolitionists in the North.

True

Abolitionism was rejected by middle-class evangelicals who admitted no relationship between moral "slavery to sin" and economic reliance on slave labor.

False: Abolitionism was accepted by evangelicals

Given the premise that slavery could and should be protected, southern secession was a rational action proceeding from the rational conviction that slavery would no longer be safe within the Union.

True

Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been non-slaveowning farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War.

True

Both the annexation of Texas and the war with Mexico were condemned by northern opponents of slavery as plots by the "Slave Power" to extend slavery.

True

Confederate victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville decisively strengthened northern support for Lincoln and for the abolition of slavery.

False: caused northerners to be discouraged

Filibustering in Cuba and Nicaragua was supported in the South as part of its "manifest destiny" to extend slavery into Mexico and Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.

True

The Civil War was revolutionary because it expropriated the lands of southern planters and redistributed them among the ex-slaves in order that they might have an economic foundation for political freedom.

False: did not give ex slaves land therefor all of this is incorrect

The so-called "border ruffians" of Missouri who entered Kansas in order to vote illegally for slavery operated without the support of the Democratic Party, which repudiated their actions in Congress.

False: the Democratic party supported illegal voting

Lincoln's greatness as a war president stemmed from his ability to forge a national strategy shaping and defining the political goals of the war.

True

Once the southern states were absent from Congress, the Union was able to strengthen the powers of the federal government and the forces of industrial capitalist development.

True

In order get southern support for organizing the Nebraska territory, Stephen A. Douglas had to agree to repeal the Missouri Compromise, to congressional "non-involvement" in the question of slavery in the territories, and to the creation of a separate Kansas territory.

True

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 were designed to stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.

True

In the congressional debates over the Compromise of 1850, William Seward urged the North not to insist on the Wilmot Proviso, but instead, let nature exclude slavery from New Mexico.

False: Webster suggested this, not Seward

The Wilmot Proviso temporarily resolved the sectional divisions created by the Mexican War.

False: did not resolve it because they could not agree on anything

Andrew Johnson was a populist supporter of Southern white yeomen farmers opposed both to wealthy planters and supporters of racial equality.

True

The Compromise of 1850 settled the border dispute between Texas and New Mexico in favor of New Mexico and paid New Mexico $30 million dollars in compensation.

False: gave Texas $10 million and New Mexico nothing

The Black Codes were created to enforce the legal rights of Freedmen and to protect them from exploitation at the hands of former slave owners.

False: Black codes had the intent of limiting their freedom and compelling them to work in a labor economy with low wages and debt

William Walker invaded northwestern Mexico in hopes of creating a slave republic of Lower California.

False

The sharecropping system created a subservient black labor force without slavery.

True

After the Civil War the situation of white yeoman farmers improved dramatically as they become more involved in growing cotton.

False: any lost their farms trying to pay off debt from the Civil War

By limiting the mobility of soldiers the modern rifle and trench warfare actually helped to reduce the loss of life during the Civil War.

False: did not help to reduce the amount of lives lost

The most basic reasons for Southern opposition to Reconstruction were political corruption and rising taxes.

True

The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to destroy the Republican Party, by murder if necessary.

True

The Homestead Act resulted in the creation of almost 90% of the new farms in West created after the Civil War.

True

The development of the West after the Civil War produced large-scale capitalist enterprises such as railroads, mining companies, meatpacking houses, and oil refining.

True

In the 1870s Redeemers claimed to have saved the South from corruption, bad government, and the domination of northerners and blacks.

True

Important reasons that the North refused to allow the South to secede peacefully included the enormous importance of cotton to American foreign trade and the strategic necessity of maintaining control over the Mississippi River.

True

Black suffrage made little difference in the South because very few blacks voted or ran for public office.

False

The period of so-called "Radical Reconstruction" began in March 1867 when Congress adopted the Reconstruction Act over President Johnson's veto.

True

Firms such as Lehman Brothers and Buckner, Stanton and Co. were representative of a shift to merchant-banker "factors" as suppliers of credit for Southern enslavers in the 1850s.

True

The Bargain of 1877 allowed for white Democratic control of the South.

True

Lynchings of blacks in the South diminished dramatically once Reconstruction officially ended in 1877.

False

One reason Radical Reconstruction was defeated in congress was the fear that redistribution of property in the South might threaten the security of property in the North.

True

After the Civil War the capitalist economy of the North expanded rapidly without the boom and bust cycles that plagued the pre-war economy.

True

The National Railway Strike of 1877 was a major battle in the war against labor pursued by capitalists and the capitalist state after the Civil War.

True

Progressivism succeeded because, unlike Socialism and Populism, it sought to reform capitalism not threaten its legitimacy.

True

Henry Ford implemented an assembly line production that dramatically increased the productivity of automobile workers while lowering their wages.

False: it did not lower wages

Exam 3 Flashcards

(116 cards)