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Flashcards in Exam 2 Deck (18)
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1
Q

What % of BW is water?

1kg= __ L (how does this translate with ml?)

A

60%

1kg= 1 L
1g= 1ml
2
Q

What are the areas of fluid distribution and the relative amounts in each (fraction form)

A

1) intracellular (2/3 of total)
2) extracellular (1/3 of total)

Extracellular is broken down into:

1) intravascular (1/4 of 1/3 total)
2) interstitial (3/4 of 1/3 total)

3
Q

Dehydration indicates a deficit in which compartment?

Perfusion?

A

Dehydration= interstitial

Perfusion= vascular compartment

4
Q

Give the numbers for shock rates in cats and dogs (“safe combo”)

A

Crystalloids: 90ml/hr, 60ml/hr
Colloids: 20 ml/hr, 10 ml/hr
Hypertonic saline: 4ml/hr (both spp.)

90-60-20-10-4

5
Q

For determining maintenance rate, what number do you multiply to the BW^.75 in dogs and cats?

A

dogs–132

cats–70

6
Q

What is the maximum rate we want to change Na?

A

0.5 mEq/hr (max= 12mEq/day)

7
Q

What is the maximum rate we can change K+?

A

0.5mEq/kg/hr

8
Q

What criteria must be met to classify:

1) severe sepsis
2) septic shock
3) sepsis

A

1) organ dysfunction or hypoperfusion
2) hypoperfusion that’s unresponsive to fluid
3) SIRS + infection = sepsis

9
Q

3 mainstays of treatment for sepsis

A

1) treat shock
2) antibiotics ASAP (broad spectrum until culture results)
3) control infection source

10
Q

What differentials should you consider if there is an increased anion gap?

A

DUEL

DKA
Uremic acids
Ethylene glycol
Lactic acidosis

11
Q

5 mechanisms by which hypoxemia (PaO2 < 80mmHg) can occur

A

1) decreased inspired O2
2) hypoventilation
3) V/Q mistmatch
4) shunt
5) diffusion defects

12
Q

When your patient reaches what status should be you begin CPR?

A

unresponsive apneic

13
Q

What are your CPR rates:

1) compressions
2) breaths

A

1) 100-120 bpm

2) 10 breaths/min (every 6 seconds)

14
Q

What are the 6 perfusion parameters?

A

1) mentation
2) MM color
3) CRT
4) pulse rate
5) pulse quality
6) distal temp (extremities)

15
Q

What factors play into cardiogenic shock? (i.e. areas where the problem might be)

A

CRAP

Contractility
Rate
Afterload
Preload

16
Q

What is the equation for determining bicarb replacement in calves?

A

BW(kg) x 0.5 x base deficit= mEq of bicarb needed

17
Q

What is the maximum fluid rate for a calf?

What is considered maintenance?

A

80ml/kg/hr

1ml/lb/hr

18
Q

Name the 3 common causes for FPT in neonatal calves

A

1) failure of ingestion
2) failure of absorption
3) colostrum deficiencies