Exam 2 Flashcards
(53 cards)
What is memory?
The ability to store and recall information
Information Processing Model
Proposes three stages of memory processing; sensory memories, short-term memories, and long-term memories
Encoding
Process of perceiving information, then organizing it in a meaningful way so it can be stored and recalled more easily.
Storage
Process by which encoded material is retained over time.
Retrieval
Process by which stored information is accessed.
Sensory Memory
Brief impressions from any of the senses temporarily stored, disappearing quickly if not transferred to short-term memory.
Short-term Memory
Immediate recollection of stimuli that have just been perceived. Unless transferred to LTM, information is retained only momentarily.
Long-term Memory
Information transferred from STM, may be stored for periods of time from minutes to years.
Iconic Memory
Visual sensory memory, fleeting impressions of what we see.
Echoic Memory
Auditory sensory memory, fleeting impressions of what we see.
Limits of STM
Fades in <= 20 seconds, Easily replaced by distractions, low capacity (7 chunks).
Chunking
Process of grouping items into longer meaningful units to make them easier to remember. Helps increase limited STM capacity
Procedural Memory
Recalling how to performs skills such as bicycling or swimming
Declarative Memory
Recalling specific facts, such as information read in a book. (Contains Episodic and Semantic Memory)
Episodic Memory
Autobiographical memories about one’s own life experiences
Semantic Memory
General knowledge about facts and concepts
Dual-Code Model
The theory that memories may be stored either in sensory codes or verbal codes.
Eidetic Imagery
Photographic memory, the rare ability to retain large amounts of visual material with great accuracy for several minutes. More common in children.
Mnemonic Devices
Memory systems that organize material in a way that makes it easier to remember (Every Good Boy Does Fine, Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally, etc.)
Clustering
Mnemonic device involving grouping items into categories.
Method of Loci
Also called a Memory Palace. Involves forming pictorial associations between items you wish to recall and specific locations along a route you may travel.
Narrative Story
Organizing information into a story.
Acrostics
Sentences whose first letters serve as cues for recalling specific information (Every Good Boy Does Fine, Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally, etc.)
Acronym
Meaningful arrangement of letters that provides a cue for recalling information.
