Exam 2

Question 1

____________ is the state of complete physical, mental, social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Answer 1

Health

Question 2

___________ is a fundamental right.

Answer 2

Health

Question 3

_____________ have relatively high gross national income and have economies made up of many different industries.

Answer 3

Developed countries

Question 4

_____________ developed countries are the poorest countries of the world

Answer 4

Less

Question 5

__________ is the incidence of death in a population.

Answer 5

Mortality

Question 6

_____________ is the average number of years individuals are born in a given year that can expect to live.

Answer 6

Life expectancy.

Question 7

______________ is the presence of frequency of illness, symptoms, and impairment.

Answer 7

Morbidity

Question 8

______________ is the number of deaths of live born infants under 1 year of age.

Answer 8

Infant mortality

Question 9

1-2 million people a year live on ____________.

Answer 9

healthcare

Question 10

What is the yearly death average on healthcare?

Answer 10

80 years

Question 11

What country has guaranteed healthcare?

Answer 11

Britain

Question 12

___________ improves memory

Answer 12

Chortisa

Question 13

___________ helps to motivate us.

Answer 13

Stress

Question 14

___________ can impair the memory and cause the brain to shrink

Answer 14

Chortisa

Question 15

___________ people often tend to die quicker then white people.

Answer 15

Black

Question 16

_____________ can be linked to high blood pressure

Answer 16

Racial discrimination

Question 17

A century ago the average American lived _________ years.

Answer 17

48

Question 18

____________ is any substance other than food that alters functioning of an organism.

Answer 18

Pharmacologically

Question 19

______________ is the term drug refers to any chemical substance.

Answer 19

Sociologically

Question 20

___________ is when acceptable social standards of drug use are violated, resulting in adverse physiological, psychological, and or social consequences.

Answer 20

Drug abuse

Question 21

____________ is the condition where the drug abuse is compulsive.

Answer 21

Chemical dependency

Question 22

____________ is the drug of choice by most of Americans.

Answer 22

Alcohol

Question 23

________ and _________ disagree to whether drugs actually cause crime or whether instead, criminal activity leads to drug involvement.

Answer 23

Sociologist and criminologist

Question 24

Children raised in such homes are more likely to:

Answer 24

• live in an environment with conflict
• Have a higher probability of physical illness
• A more likely to be victims of child abuse and neglect

Question 25

__________________ is a consequence of cultivation of growing marijuana, cocaine, and opium.

Answer 25

Environmental impact

Question 26

Drug use may be from state of anomie but drug use can also create anomie.

Answer 26

Structural Functionalism

Question 27

____________ can influence increase drug use ( marriage, education)

Answer 27

Social bonds ( theory)

Question 28

- Drugs in poor urban and rural areas is a result of economic inequality. - Penalties for drugs are not consistent across race and ethnicity. - Legal drugs and illegal drugs benefit different groups in society.

Answer 28

Conflict

Question 29

____________ is a violation of a federal, state, or local criminal law

Answer 29

Crime

Question 30

____________ is the number of particular crimes per 100,000 people in a population.

Answer 30

Crime rate

Question 31

Countries with higher inequality tend to have _________ homicide rate.

Answer 31

Higher

Question 32

__________ FBI compiles reported crimes and arrests annually and publishes them in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Answer 32

Uniform Crime Reort

Question 33

_____________ interviewers collect information on demographic characteristics of crime victims.

Answer 33

Victimization surveys

Question 34

_______________ Ask offenders about their criminal behavior

Answer 34

Self report offender surveys

Question 35

_________ Using Durkheims anomie, there are legitimate means of acquiring culturally defined goals and strain in this relationship leads to crime.

Answer 35

Strain theory

Question 36

- Functional by bonding people to each other providing employment promoting social change. - Dysfunctional by eroding trust and causing fear - Control Theory- strong social bonds between the individual and community to keep people from violating social norms. - Bonds- attachment to significant others, commitment to goals, involvement in activities, belief in moral standards.

Answer 36

Structural Functionalism

Question 37

- Deviance is inevitable when one group has more power than another. Social inequality leads to crime for the powerless group. - Enforcement of laws is applied differentially. Penalties are applied based on power and those who benefit from giving penalties. - Those with power have the ability to define what is criminal.

Answer 37

Conflict

Question 38

_________ is individuals learn crime as a value technique and motivation from people close to them in their life.

Answer 38

Differential Association Theory

Question 39

____________ groups define actions as deviant

Answer 39

Labeling theory

Question 40

- Differential Association Theory- individuals learn crime as a value, technique, and motivation from people close to them in their life. - Labeling Theory- groups define actions as deviant - Primary deviance- person commits a deviant act - Secondary deviance- Deviate act is caught and labeled

Answer 40

Symbolic interactionism

Question 41

____________ focuses on how women subordinate position in society affects their criminality and victimization.

Answer 41

Feminist criminology

Question 42

______________ is the use of harm or threat of harm to prevent unwanted behavior.

Answer 42

Deterrence

Question 43

_______________ is a philosophy that argues recidivism can be reduced by placing the offender in prison so that he or she is unable to commit further crimes.

Answer 43

Incapacitation

Question 44

___________ is a return to criminal behavior by a former inmate, measured by re-arrest, re-conviction or re-incarceration.

Answer 44

Recidivism

Question 45

____________ is a group of two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Answer 45

Family

Question 46

- increased single hood - older age at first marriage - Increased heterosexual and same sex cohabitation - Living apart together- separate residence for married couples. - Commuter marriages- where couples live in different cities or states ( normally for work) - Increased births to unmarried - Increased divorce and blended families - Increased employment of mothers - Increased three generation family hose holds

Answer 46

Family Patterns

Question 47

- Functional to socialize children, provide emotional and practical support, regulates sexual activities and reproduction provides a social identity. - Traditional gender roles can contribute to family functioning. - Women preform expressive role and men preform instrumental role. - Divorce and single parenthood can constitute breakdown of family from rapid social change

Answer 47

Structural Functionalism

Question 48

- Family contributes to social inequality by reinforcing economic inequality. Family problems stem from economic inequality and patriarchal ideology. - Patriarchy- wives and children are property of husbands and fathers - Familes can be a source of violence- physical, sexual and emotional

Answer 48

Conflict

Question 49

- Families share understanding of circumstances and situation. - Children form self concept from looking glass self - idea of self from interpretation of reaction by others. - Concerned with how labels give meaning to behavior

Answer 49

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 50

___________ are wives and children that are property of husbands and fathers.

Answer 50

Patriarchy

Question 51

As income increases life expectancy _______________.

Answer 51

increases

Question 52

roles, statuses, groups, and institutions are the elements of what kind of structure?

Answer 52

structural functionalism

Question 53

power and inequality are the elements of ___________.

Answer 53

conflict perspective