Exam 4

Question 1

______________ is a category of people with unequal access to positions of power, prestige, and wealth in a society who tend to be targets of prejudice and discrimination.

Answer 1

Minority group

Question 2

_______________ is a category of people who are perceived to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant.

Answer 2

Race

Question 3

• no blood or genetic tests for race
• categories are arbitrary
• people more similar genetically than different

Answer 3

Race as Biological Concept

Question 4

the actual meaning of race lies not in people’s physical characteristics, but in the historical treatment of different groups and the significance.
• people learn to perceive others according to whatever racial classification system exists in their culture.

Answer 4

Race (and ethnicity) as a Social Concept

Question 5

_______________ refers to a shared cultural heritage, nationality, or lineage is also socially constructed in part.

Answer 5

Ethnicity

Question 6

____________ is the physical separation of two groups in residence, workplace, and social functions.

Answer 6

Segregation

Question 7

What are the two forms of segregation?

Answer 7

De facto, De jour

Question 8

Is this Structural Functionalism, Conflict, or Symbolic Interactionism? Racial and ethnic inequality is dysfunctional – it fails to develop and utilize resources of minority members

Answer 8

Structural Functionalism

Question 9

Manifest or Latent functionalism? civil rights legislation improves conditions for minorities

Answer 9

Manifest

Question 10

Manifest or Latent functionalism? majorities are more likely to blame minorities for social disadvantages

Answer 10

Latent

Question 11

____________ is the competition over wealth, power, and prestige contribute to group tensions (perceived or actual threats)

Answer 11

Racial threat

Question 12

______________ people willing to take a disgruntled worker’s place. (Often minorities who are unemployed)

Answer 12

Surplus labor force

Question 13

____________ is the role of negative stereotypes, exaggerations, generalizations, and even positive stereotypes on individuals

Answer 13

Labeling perspective

Question 14

___________ is the social definitions and expectations associated with being female or male

Answer 14

Gender

Question 15

____________ is biological classification

Answer 15

sex

Question 16

____________ is the belief that innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences exist between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other

Answer 16

sexism

Question 17

women out of biological necessity bear, nurse, and care for children.
Men (physically stronger) could be away from home for longer periods and so provided for the family.

Answer 17

Pre-industrial Division of labor based on gender

Question 18

is less functional than before.
Daycare facilities now care for children.
Jobs are less demanding and dangerous, but belief system remains.

Answer 18

Postindustrial Traditional Division of labor based on gender:

Question 19

Male dominance and female subordination are shaped by the production process – hunting and gathering, agriculture, and industrial/manufacturing work
Male domination was furthered by property and inheritance laws The changes in work and laws have not brought equality and in some cases exacerbated male dominance.

Answer 19

Conflict

Question 20

_______________ is the concentration of women in

certain occupations and men in other occupations

Answer 20

sex segregation

Question 21

_______________ are the rules or expectations that boys keep their emotions in check, anger or violence is acceptable, and self-esteem is found through control and power.

Answer 21

Boy code

Question 22

_____________ is work that is caring for negotiating and emphathizing with people.

Answer 22

emotion work

Question 23

____________ is the tendency with children,particulary young children, to be disadvantaged in hiring, wages, and the like compared to women without children

Answer 23

Motherhood penalty

Question 24

What are the characteristics of a pink collar job?

Answer 24

emotion work, occupational sex segregation, the pay is very low

Question 25

_____________ is the the tendency for men seeking or working in traditionally female occupations to benefit from their minority status.

Answer 25

Glass escalator

Question 26

___________ is the the concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations.

Answer 26

sex segregation

Question 27

How can we teach people to behave?

Answer 27

through socialization

Question 28

___________ is blatant, direct, and conscious forms of | prejudice

Answer 28

Traditional racism

Question 29

___________ is subtle, unintentional form of prejudice exhibited by many well-intentioned white Americans

Answer 29

Aversive racism

Question 30

______________ believes that serious discrimination no longer exists and any continuing racial inequality is the fault of minority group members

Answer 30

Modern racism

Question 31

_____________ is the belief that paying attention to race itself is racism

Answer 31

Color-blind racism

Question 32

___________ is segregation in fact

Answer 32

De facto

Question 33

__________ is segregation of law

Answer 33

De jour

Question 34

__________ is predominance to individual of the same sex

Answer 34

Homosexuality

Question 35

_____________ is predominance to individual of the other sex

Answer 35

Heterosexuality

Question 36

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, stands for

Answer 36

LGBT

Question 37

______________ is of gay rights movement is increased opposition to gay rights

Answer 37

latent

Question 38

___________ is Gays and lesbians have been waging political battles to win civil rights

Answer 38

Conflict

Question 39

____________ is Social interaction affects our self-concept, behavior, and well-being.

Answer 39

Symbolic interactionism

Question 40

______________ is a sense of personal failure and self-hatred resulting from stigmatization

Answer 40

Internalized homophobia

Question 41

____________ is a form of oppression and refers to a belief system that gives power and privilege to heterosexuals, while depriving, oppressing, stigmatizing, and devaluing people who are not heterosexual.

Answer 41

Heterosexism

Question 42

_______________ is negative or hostile attitudes directed toward same-sex sexual behavior, a non-heterosexually identified individual, and communities of non-heterosexuals. • When prejudice is directed toward bisexual ind

Answer 42

Homophobia

Question 43

_______________ explains that when an individual experiences the social environment as emotionally or physically threatening due to social stigma, the result is an increased risk for mental health problems.

Answer 43

Minority stress theory