Exam 2 Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
When was the female bartender tipped more? ( when little, medium, full condition or regular uniform)
A
Little - most revealing
2
Q
What is “upping the ante” hypothesis?
A
Finding unique, new ways of expression
3
Q
University students rated tattooed women as (3) -
A
- less physically attractive
- sexually promiscuous
- heavy drinkers
4
Q
Functions of paralanguage (4) -
A
1) regulating flow of convo
2) emotional state
3) cognition
4) speaker characteristics
5
Q
Def. Qualities of paralanguage -
A
Vary from speaker to speaker
6
Q
Ex: of qualities of paralanguage
A
Nasally
7
Q
Def. Vocalizations of paralanguage -
A
Characteristics that are modified by all speakers
8
Q
Ex of vocalizations of paralanguage -
A
Louder, quieter pitch
9
Q
Def. Temporal characteristics of paralanguage-
A
Aspects of speech that are function of time
10
Q
Ex of temporal characteristics of paralanguage-
A
Response latency
11
Q
Phonetic pause:
A
- Duration <250 ms
- very fast
- not detectable to human ear
12
Q
Silent pause:
A
- Duration >250
- no sound
- detectable
13
Q
Filled pause :
A
- duration >250 ms
- has sound in it
14
Q
Response latency:
A
Response time from one speaker to another
15
Q
Paralanguage and extroverts -
A
- short response latency
- fluent speech
16
Q
Paralanguage and introverts -
A
- slow
- more pauses
- repetition
17
Q
Paralanguage and dominant personality-
A
- speak loud/fast
- fluent speech
18
Q
Type “A” behavior:
A
Competitive, outgoing, ambitious
19
Q
What 2 emotions have same characteristics?
A
Anger and joy
20
Q
Paralanguage characteristics of anger and joy -
A
Higher pitch, loud, fast
21
Q
Anxiety and vocal behavior-
A
- hesitant
- speech disturbances
- higher response latency
22
Q
(T/F)
More energy = more paralanguage
A
True
23
Q
Is pitch diagnostically tool to indicate social anxiety?
A
Yes, only for men
24
Q
When do hesitations in a convo most occur ? Why?
A
Beginning, planning what you’re going to say
25
(T/F)
Describing complicated topic greater/longer response latency?
True
26
(T/F)
Boys pronoun certain vowels different than girls
True
27
What age group does speech rate increase?
K-12
28
What age does speech rate decrease?
21-41
29
The more faster someone talks, perceived as higher _____ , but vowed as not ______
Expertise
Trustworthy
30
Men w/ high pitch judged less _____, _____ , and more _____
Truthful
Empathetic
Nervous
31
Most attractive voices were (4) -
- loud
- no monotone
- resonance
- not nasally
32
(T/F)
There is no correlation between attractive voice and attractive face
False, different levels of attraction work in agreement
33
Can fetuses recognize mothers voice?
Yes
34
When did subjects recalled content best?
When there were filled pauses
35
Relationship between accents and dialects (4)-
- Imitate when talking to someone
- liking so “match”
- usually only face to face situations
- usually unconscious
36
When we match ppl’s accent it is done on purpose?
False, it’s unconscious
37
(Did/did not)
1) children match speech rate of adult
2) teens w/ autism matched w/ adult
1) did
| 2) did not
38
If you like someone you’re more likely to be ___ to them, if you don’t like them than ___ to them
Closer, further
39
Fixed-feature space and Ex:
Unmovable
| Ex: toilet
40
Semi-fixed feature space and Ex:
Can be moved
| Ex: table, chair
41
Informal or personal space:
“invisible barrier around us”
42
3 categories of space -
1) fixed-feature space
2) semi-fixed feature slave
3) informal or personal space
43
Sociopetal:
Arrange furniture to communicate
44
Sociofugal:
Furniture to produce solitude
45
4 regions of proxemics -
1) intimate
2) personal
3) social
4) public
46
What region of proxemics is there least interaction?
Public
47
Is space learned? If so, what age is it clear?
Yes
5
48
Older ppl tend to like ____ spaces
Close
49
(T/F)
Males approach males and females the same distance
True
50
Crowding:
Invading personal space
-can be 1 person
51
Density:
Physical, how many non/human are around
-can’t be 1 person
52
(T/F)
Ppl in closer distances left tip and we’re bigger
Difference for male/female customers?
True
No
53
If someone upsets equilibrium of intimacy, the other person will _____
Compensate
54
Arousal labeling theory:
Close distance creates arousal in the decoder
55
What are the 4 facial “sign vehicles”
1) static
2) slow
3) rapid
4) artificial
56
Sign vehicle statistic -
Remain consistent
| Ex: position of eyes
57
Sign vehicles ‘slow’ -
Reliability change w/age
| Ex: wrinkles
58
Sign vehicles ‘rapid’-
Change in matter of seconds
59
Sign vehicles ‘artificial ‘ -
Cosmetics, facial treatment
60
Slow sign vehicles and mortality-
The more slow sign vehicles then more likely to lead to mortality
61
3 organizations of facial muscles -
1) eyes/brows
2) nose/cheek
3) mouth
62
6 primary facial expressions -
1) disgust
2) sadness
3) happiness/joy
4) anger
5) fear
6) surprise
63
Are the primary facial expressions universal?
Yes
64
(Universal/socially and culturally different)
I’m public, expressions are _____. In private they’re _____
Culturally/socially different
Universal
65
Feedback hypothesis:
Manipulating muscles leads to
| Emotion
66
Peripheralist:
Muscle activity leads to emotion
67
Centralist :
Cognitive appraisal leads to emotion
68
Characteristics of fake smiles (3)-
- asymmetrical smile
- last longer
- appear quickly
69
(T/F)
Encoding/decoding primary facials emotions is universal
True
70
What do genes predict regarding affiliative behaviors? (4)
1) frequency of smiling
2) immediacy behaviors
3) facial expressiveness
4) didn’t predict dominance behaviors
71
(T/F)
Genetic affects predict nonverbal behaviors
True
72
Between males and females who decodes expressions more accurate?
Females
73
What does neurobehavioral maturation model argue regarding females and decoding expressions?
Women are naturally better at decoding
-big difference
74
What does the social scaffolding model argue regarding females and decoding expression?
Stereotypically amped thru socialization
-difference is small, then amped
75
(Early in life/later in life)
Neurobehavioral maturation model occurs —
Social scaffolding model occurs —
Early in life
Later in life
76
Recovering alcoholics and facial decoding (2) -
- lower decoding accurately
| - had more interpersonal problems
77
(T/F)
Adults w/ and w/out autism accurately decoded between faces and circles, as well as same regions of brain activated
False; different regions
78
Social anxiety:
Over-aroused in social situations
79
Autism:
Expressive and receptive communication deficit
80
Social anxiety and decoding facial expressions -
- accurately decoded positive and negative expressions
| - saw emotion in neutral faces
81
Ppl w/ borderline personality disorder correctly identified emotion ____
Quicker
82
Borderline personality disorder:
Overreact to minor incidents
83
What happened when participants where shown happy/sad faces, and had heir picture taken simultaneously?
Their expressions matched the pictures
84
What are the 3 methods of measuring facial expressions?
1) observer judgement
2) direct measurement
3) physiological measurement
85
(T/F)
Touch has to be noticeable in order to give us reassurance and comfort
False
86
____ is key when trying to figure out meaning of touch
Context
87
Healing taxonomy of touch (5) -
1) function/professional
2) polite
3) friendship/warmth
4) love/intimacy
5) sexual arousal
88
Are meanings of touch universal?
No, culturally different
89
Findings of men getting touched intimately vs women getting touched intimately-
Men - the more intimate the better
Women - the more intimate the worse
90
Findings between married couples getting touched intimately-
Men - rated positive but weak
Women - the more intimate more positive
91
____ initiate more touch, ____ reciprocate touch more
Men
Women
92
____ initiate touch in romantic relationships, ____ initiate touch in married relationships
Men
Women
93
2 dimensions of personality and touch -
1) instrumental
| 2) autotelic
94
Difference between instrumental and autotelic shoppers -
Instrumental - touch items only worth buying
- don’t like purchasing online
Autotelic - pleasure of touching
-impulse buyers
95
Extraversion is _____ correlated w/ brain activity
Positively
96
Touch helps _____ interpersonal relationships
Regulate
97
Relationship between mirror neurons and touch
Neurons fired for both seeing touch and being touched
98
Person who initiated touch seen as having (3) -
1) status
2) courage
3) warm personality
99
(T/F)
Students who were touched by teacher gave higher ratings
True
100
Relationship between growth, development, and touch -
More touch increases brain development and weight gain
101
“Gate theory”:
Skin covered in “gates”, touching closed “gates” and reduces pain
102
Attentiveness among ADD/autistic children and touch -
Those that were touched had higher levels of attention
103
(Less or more touch)
Early relationship
Intermediate relationship
Late (engaged) relationship
Why?
Less - hesitant in knowing seriousness of relationship
More - need to prove
Less - don’t need reassurance
104
Tie-sign:
Signs to signify that ppl are together
105
Ekman’s neurocultural theory -
Facial expressions displayed same across cultures, display rules mask/differ behaviors
106
Elicitors:
Environmental factors that produce emotional state
107
Facial affect program:
Brain function that triggers facial muscles
108
Display rules:
Cultural, personal, situational factors modify emotion/expressions
109
Behavioral consequences:
Nonverbal/verbal signs of emotion
110
Types of display rules (5) -
1) intensify
2) deintensification
3) neutralize
4) mask
5) simulation
111
Display rules
Intensify:
Expressing emotion more intense externally than internal
112
Display rules
Attenuate/deintensification:
Internally feeling more, externally showing less
113
Display rules
Neutralize/inhibition:
Having emotion inside, showing none on outside
114
Display rules
Masking:
Having an emotion internally, expressing DIFFERENT emotion
115
Display rules
Simulation:
Showing emotion outside, but not having emotion inside
116
Facial feedback hypothesis:
External displays of emotion can effect internal emotion
117
Internalizer - ____ expressive
Externalizer - ____ expressive
Low
High
118
(T/F)
Ppl who are internalizers leads to more physiological arousal
True, needs to go somewhere
119
The seduction process (4)-
1) attention process
2) recognition phase
3) sexual-arousal phase
4) resolution stage
120
What is the easiest individual difference to identify between a male and female?
Pitch
121
What is the positive correlation with dominance (4)?
Leadership
Control
Power
Status
122
What are the 5 functions of silence?
1) linkage function -bond/separate
2) affecting function - heal wound
3) revelation function - self-exploration
4) judgemental function - favor/disfavor
5) activation function - signal thoughtfulness
123
Functions of space (3) -
Regulating convo
| Attitude status
124
As trust grows, distances should predictably ____
Diminish
125
Divide territoriality:
Tendency to defend fixed/semi fixed feature
126
Propinquity:
Importance of relative distance and center of power
127
4 aspects of equilibrium -
1) eye gaze
2) topic
3) smile
4) space
