exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

______________ is the link between sensory processes and cognitive functioning becomes stronger in older adulthood than it was earlier in life •

A

Common cause hypothesis

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2
Q

______________ is the minimum intensity of stimulation needed for a sensory organ to register its presence.

A

Threshold

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3
Q

_______________ is the intensity of stimulation needed in order for a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time.

A

Absolute threshold

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4
Q

The ______________ of determining threshold takes into account a person’s sensitivity and decisional criteria.

A

Signal detection model

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5
Q

______________ are more cautious than young adults are and they tend to have fewer false alarms compared to young adults.

A

Older adults

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6
Q

______________ is the interval that elapses between the onset of a stimulus and the completion of a response

A

Reaction time

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7
Q

______________ can be simple, choice or complex

A

Reaction time task

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8
Q

As reaction time tasks become more complex, age-related differences in speed of response gets _________

A

larger

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9
Q

_____________ and practice can moderate age-related slowing in an older adult’s reaction time.

A

Regular exercise

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10
Q

Risk of falls ___________ with age and most falls are due to loss of balance; however strength and balance training (SBT) can be important for prevention.

A

Increases

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11
Q

_____________ in older adults can be complex due to chronic pain conditions interfering with the way in which older adults feel a new pain.

A

measuring pain

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12
Q

As age ___________ the lens of the eye increase in size and thickness

A

increases

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13
Q

__________ is elevated pressure of the eye

A

glaucoma

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14
Q

______________ is a disease associated with an irreversible loss of nerve cells within the retina.

A

Macular degeneration

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15
Q

As age increases, the diameter of the pupil ____________ and therefore lets less light into the eye.

A

decreases

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16
Q

The ______________ is the visual area in which items can be recognized and localized without making eye or head movements.

A

Useful field of view

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17
Q

_______________ is related to structural changes in outer or middle ear (ossicles)

A

Conductive hearing loss

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18
Q

___________ is the damage or degeneration of cochlear hair cells on basilar membrane

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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19
Q

_________________ is monitoring stable patterns of stimuli for any evidence of change and under noncomplex situations it shows little evidence for age-related decline.

A

Sustained attention

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20
Q

_______________ refers to the simplified grammar people often use when communicating with older adults.

A

elder speak

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21
Q

Which frequency tones do individuals with presbycusis have trouble hearing?

A

High frequency

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22
Q

_________________ refers to a phenomenon whereby older adults say “I hear it but I cannot understand it” which is common with people who have presbycusis.

A

Phonemic regression

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23
Q

Which common test was used to measure selective attention?

A

stroop test

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24
Q

The ______________ holds a momentary perceptual trace of information to be processed for a fraction of a second.

A

sensory story

25
Q

_______________ is a form of short-term memory, which often demonstrate very little or no decline with increasing age.

A

Primary memory

26
Q

The term “___________________” applies to the capacity limits of the sort-term memory store.

A

magic number seven plus or minus two

27
Q

_______________ involves both holding information and actively processing and manipulating it.

A

Working memory

28
Q

______________ is similar to a mental scratch pad.

A

Working memory

29
Q

______________ is the preparing of information for entry into the long-term store.

A

Encoding

30
Q

An example of ______________ is knowing how to ride a bike.

A

Procedural memory

31
Q

________________ is remembering to do something at a specific future point in time, such as remembering to mail a letter, pay a bill, or make a phone call.

A

Prospective memory

32
Q

______________ is remembering where, when, or from whom an item of information was acquired

A

Source memory

33
Q

_____________ is memory for the “gist” and memory for details.

A

Discourse memory

34
Q

____________ are memory tricks that can help prevent forgetting.

A

Mnemonics

35
Q

The method of __________ is a mnemonic technique that is used for trying to remember things by mentally placing them in various locations in a familiar environment.

A

loci

36
Q

______________ techniques are things such as making a list or using a reminder set into your phone for important tasks

A

External mnemonic

37
Q

_______________ techniques are things such as visual association or mental association

A

Internal mnemonic

38
Q

______________ is the set of beliefs and judgments about one’s own memory competence and abilities.

A

Memory self efficacy

39
Q

_____________ is an inherent understanding of how the memory system works.

A

Metamemory

40
Q

Older adults who do poorly on tests of explicit memory often do __________ on tests of implicit memory.

A

better

41
Q

The greatest age-related differences on memory performance tests are found by using ____________.

A

recall test

42
Q

_________________ are most likely to show age-related decline than event-based laboratory tasks.

A

Time based laboratory tasks

43
Q

______________ is memory that occurs without a person’s awareness that something has been learned or remembered.

A

Implicit memory

44
Q

______________ is considered “raw” intelligence, dependent on the integrity of the central nervous system.

A

Fluid intelligence

45
Q

Fluid intelligence is related to the integrity of the _________________.

A

central nervous systom

46
Q

Fluid intelligence is predicted to ________ with age.

A

decline

47
Q

___________________ is a function of education, experience, and exposure to a specific cultural environment.

A

Crystillized intelligence

48
Q

Crystalized intelligence is thought to ___________ or be maintained with age.

A

increase

49
Q

The _______________ are similar to fluid intelligence (Gf) and include basic operations such as perceptual processing of sensory input, comparing and categorizing information, and carrying out basic memory functions.

A

Mechanics of intelligence

50
Q

The _______________ are similar to crystallized intelligence (Gc) and have been likened to the software of the mind.

A

Pragmatics of intelligence

51
Q

_________________ reflects the comparison of a test taker’s score with scores earned by the standardardization sample in his/her age group.

A

Intelligence Quotient

52
Q

A ______________ is when present-day young adult cohort has greater ability than an older cohort had when young (sometimes called the Flynn Effect)

A

Positive cohort trend

53
Q

____________ is when individuals in the present-day young adult cohort have less ability than did individuals in the older cohort had when they were young.

A

Negative cohort trend

54
Q

According to the ______________ of cognitive aging, skills and abilities get rusty when they are not used on a regular basis.

A

Disuse hypothesis

55
Q

According to the______________, participation in novel and challenging intellectual tasks will prevent decline in intellectual functioning.

A

Engagement hypothesis

56
Q

_______________ is naming another person to manage a person’s financial transactions.

A

Legal conservatorship

57
Q

_______________ is naming another person to make decisions concerning living arrangements, health care, and provision of all other basic needs.

A

Legal guardianship

58
Q

The ____________ refers to the fact that verbal tests of intellectual ability tend to hold up better with age than performance tests do.

A

classic aging pattern