exam 2

Question 1

______________ is the link between sensory processes and cognitive functioning becomes stronger in older adulthood than it was earlier in life •

Answer 1

Common cause hypothesis

Question 2

______________ is the minimum intensity of stimulation needed for a sensory organ to register its presence.

Answer 2

Threshold

Question 3

_______________ is the intensity of stimulation needed in order for a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time.

Answer 3

Absolute threshold

Question 4

The ______________ of determining threshold takes into account a person’s sensitivity and decisional criteria.

Answer 4

Signal detection model

Question 5

______________ are more cautious than young adults are and they tend to have fewer false alarms compared to young adults.

Answer 5

Older adults

Question 6

______________ is the interval that elapses between the onset of a stimulus and the completion of a response

Answer 6

Reaction time

Question 7

______________ can be simple, choice or complex

Answer 7

Reaction time task

Question 8

As reaction time tasks become more complex, age-related differences in speed of response gets _________

Answer 8

larger

Question 9

_____________ and practice can moderate age-related slowing in an older adult’s reaction time.

Answer 9

Regular exercise

Question 10

Risk of falls ___________ with age and most falls are due to loss of balance; however strength and balance training (SBT) can be important for prevention.

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

_____________ in older adults can be complex due to chronic pain conditions interfering with the way in which older adults feel a new pain.

Answer 11

measuring pain

Question 12

As age ___________ the lens of the eye increase in size and thickness

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

__________ is elevated pressure of the eye

Answer 13

glaucoma

Question 14

______________ is a disease associated with an irreversible loss of nerve cells within the retina.

Answer 14

Macular degeneration

Question 15

As age increases, the diameter of the pupil ____________ and therefore lets less light into the eye.

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

The ______________ is the visual area in which items can be recognized and localized without making eye or head movements.

Answer 16

Useful field of view

Question 17

_______________ is related to structural changes in outer or middle ear (ossicles)

Answer 17

Conductive hearing loss

Question 18

___________ is the damage or degeneration of cochlear hair cells on basilar membrane

Answer 18

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 19

_________________ is monitoring stable patterns of stimuli for any evidence of change and under noncomplex situations it shows little evidence for age-related decline.

Answer 19

Sustained attention

Question 20

_______________ refers to the simplified grammar people often use when communicating with older adults.

Answer 20

elder speak

Question 21

Which frequency tones do individuals with presbycusis have trouble hearing?

Answer 21

High frequency

Question 22

_________________ refers to a phenomenon whereby older adults say “I hear it but I cannot understand it” which is common with people who have presbycusis.

Answer 22

Phonemic regression

Question 23

Which common test was used to measure selective attention?

Answer 23

stroop test

Question 24

The ______________ holds a momentary perceptual trace of information to be processed for a fraction of a second.

Answer 24

sensory story

Question 25

_______________ is a form of short-term memory, which often demonstrate very little or no decline with increasing age.

Answer 25

Primary memory

Question 26

The term “___________________” applies to the capacity limits of the sort-term memory store.

Answer 26

magic number seven plus or minus two

Question 27

_______________ involves both holding information and actively processing and manipulating it.

Answer 27

Working memory

Question 28

______________ is similar to a mental scratch pad.

Answer 28

Working memory

Question 29

______________ is the preparing of information for entry into the long-term store.

Answer 29

Encoding

Question 30

An example of ______________ is knowing how to ride a bike.

Answer 30

Procedural memory

Question 31

________________ is remembering to do something at a specific future point in time, such as remembering to mail a letter, pay a bill, or make a phone call.

Answer 31

Prospective memory

Question 32

______________ is remembering where, when, or from whom an item of information was acquired

Answer 32

Source memory

Question 33

_____________ is memory for the “gist” and memory for details.

Answer 33

Discourse memory

Question 34

____________ are memory tricks that can help prevent forgetting.

Answer 34

Mnemonics

Question 35

The method of __________ is a mnemonic technique that is used for trying to remember things by mentally placing them in various locations in a familiar environment.

Answer 35

loci

Question 36

______________ techniques are things such as making a list or using a reminder set into your phone for important tasks

Answer 36

External mnemonic

Question 37

_______________ techniques are things such as visual association or mental association

Answer 37

Internal mnemonic

Question 38

______________ is the set of beliefs and judgments about one’s own memory competence and abilities.

Answer 38

Memory self efficacy

Question 39

_____________ is an inherent understanding of how the memory system works.

Answer 39

Metamemory

Question 40

Older adults who do poorly on tests of explicit memory often do __________ on tests of implicit memory.

Answer 40

better

Question 41

The greatest age-related differences on memory performance tests are found by using ____________.

Answer 41

recall test

Question 42

_________________ are most likely to show age-related decline than event-based laboratory tasks.

Answer 42

Time based laboratory tasks

Question 43

______________ is memory that occurs without a person’s awareness that something has been learned or remembered.

Answer 43

Implicit memory

Question 44

______________ is considered “raw” intelligence, dependent on the integrity of the central nervous system.

Answer 44

Fluid intelligence

Question 45

Fluid intelligence is related to the integrity of the _________________.

Answer 45

central nervous systom

Question 46

Fluid intelligence is predicted to ________ with age.

Answer 46

decline

Question 47

___________________ is a function of education, experience, and exposure to a specific cultural environment.

Answer 47

Crystillized intelligence

Question 48

Crystalized intelligence is thought to ___________ or be maintained with age.

Answer 48

increase

Question 49

The _______________ are similar to fluid intelligence (Gf) and include basic operations such as perceptual processing of sensory input, comparing and categorizing information, and carrying out basic memory functions.

Answer 49

Mechanics of intelligence

Question 50

The _______________ are similar to crystallized intelligence (Gc) and have been likened to the software of the mind.

Answer 50

Pragmatics of intelligence

Question 51

_________________ reflects the comparison of a test taker’s score with scores earned by the standardardization sample in his/her age group.

Answer 51

Intelligence Quotient

Question 52

A ______________ is when present-day young adult cohort has greater ability than an older cohort had when young (sometimes called the Flynn Effect)

Answer 52

Positive cohort trend

Question 53

____________ is when individuals in the present-day young adult cohort have less ability than did individuals in the older cohort had when they were young.

Answer 53

Negative cohort trend

Question 54

According to the ______________ of cognitive aging, skills and abilities get rusty when they are not used on a regular basis.

Answer 54

Disuse hypothesis

Question 55

According to the______________, participation in novel and challenging intellectual tasks will prevent decline in intellectual functioning.

Answer 55

Engagement hypothesis

Question 56

_______________ is naming another person to manage a person’s financial transactions.

Answer 56

Legal conservatorship

Question 57

_______________ is naming another person to make decisions concerning living arrangements, health care, and provision of all other basic needs.

Answer 57

Legal guardianship

Question 58

The ____________ refers to the fact that verbal tests of intellectual ability tend to hold up better with age than performance tests do.

Answer 58

classic aging pattern