exam 4

Question 1

Riley contends that the social structure of present-day American society is “_____________,” meaning that education is for youth and young adults, work is for the middle-age years, and leisure is confined to older adulthood.

Answer 1

Age-differentiated

Question 2

Riley proposed the the ideal structure would be age-integrated, with a balance between _________, ________, and __________ over the entire adult life span.

Answer 2

education, work, and leisure

Question 3

The ________ of retirement is the chronological age by which half of the population have left the paid labor force but half still remain.

Answer 3

Median age

Question 4

The median age of retirement of American workers is likely to ________ due to better health, jobs that are less physically demanding, longer average life expectancy, and reduced savings due to economic downturn and debt.

Answer 4

Increase

Question 5

Older workers are _________, __________, and __________ than younger workers.

Answer 5

dependable, productive, and lower accident rates

Question 6

Compared to young workers, older workers have ________.

Answer 6

greater emotional investment in the work role.

Question 7

Training older workers is a good investment because older workers are____________.

Answer 7

highly committed to their jobs.

Question 8

Older adults who use computers in the workplace are willing to _________.

Answer 8

learn more about computers

Question 9

Older employees may use accumulated knowledge and expertise to compensate for any age-related decline, particularly when it comes to ____________.

Answer 9

speed of response

Question 10

Bowen, Noack, and Staudinger point out that when occupations depend mainly on crystallized (pragmatic) abilities and social requirements (eg. salesperson, teacher), job performance usually remains___________ with increasing age.

Answer 10

stable

Question 11

In occupations such as air traffic controller, which depend heavily on fluid abilities, or in occupations that call for physical strength ( manual labor), job performance is more likely to _______ with age

Answer 11

decline

Question 12

The ____________ first enacted in the United States in 1967 and revised in 1978 and 1986, applies to companies with more than 20 employees.

Answer 12

Age Discrimination in Employment (Act ADEA)

Question 13

Further amendment in 1990 ________ employees from treating OA any different than YA when downsizing.

Answer 13

prohibited

Question 14

ADEA deems it illegal for employers to make work-related decisions on the basis of ________, _________, _______, or _______.

Answer 14

age stereotypes, concerning abilities, physical status, or performance

Question 15

___________ is most difficult to detect when it comes to hiring older workers.

Answer 15

Age discrimination

Question 16

___________ is a social institution with rules about when it is permissible for workers to leave the paid labor force.

Answer 16

Retirement

Question 17

Retirement is least likely to have negative consequences when individuals choose to retire at a stage of life typical for their________.

Answer 17

Culture

Question 18

Ekerdt and his colleagues studied job attitudes over three years in men ranging in age from 50 to 69 who worked full time but had plans to retire by a definite target date in the future. They found that the closer the men got to the planned date of retirement, the more likely they were to claim their jobs were causing them _______ and ______.

Answer 18

tension and fatigue

Question 19

___________ can be smoother if they can still identify with their former occupations.

Answer 19

Transition to retirement

Question 20

Compared to men who retire, women who retire receive ________ pension benefits.

Answer 20

lower

Question 21

After a prolonged period of joblessness, many individuals eventually refer to themselves as “retired.” In sum, retirement can be ambiguous, particularly for ______ and _______, because of movement into and out of the labor force.

Answer 21

women and minorities

Question 22

After interviewing couples in which women did not work and meant had been retired for 6-22 months, the majority of the men reported__________ participation in household tasks.

Answer 22

greater

Question 23

Most couples had increased the number of ___________ together after retirement.

Answer 23

leisure activities

Question 24

Most couples have positive feelings about the __________.

Answer 24

Transition to retirement

Question 25

Full benefits from ______ are paid at ages 65, 66, or 67 depending on the worker's year of birth.

Answer 25

social security

Question 26

____________ are available at age 62.

Answer 26

Reduced benefits

Question 27

_________ refers to older adults who remain in their own homes with some services provided there if necessary.

Answer 27

Aging in place

Question 28

Approximately 25% of Americans aged 65 and older_______.

Answer 28

volunteer

Question 29

Approximately 25% of Americans aged 65 and older_______.

Answer 29

volunteer

Question 30

________ were more likely than _______ to say they would reduce their hours of employment or change jobs rather than stop working altogether, and more women than men had no set plans.

Answer 30

Women, Men

Question 31

___________ programs provide intellectual stimulation, socialization with age peers, and a chance to see the sights in other parts of the country or the world. This can also occur through non credit courses for older adults given on college campuses or other places in various countries.

Answer 31

Road Scholar

Question 32

What is a body of possessions people accumulate over a lifetime and the possessions support daily needs but also serve as part of a person’s identity but can present difficulties in later life if allowed to grow out of control.

Answer 32

Material Convoy

Question 33

____________ are occupied primarily by single residents, most typically men from lower income groups.

Answer 33

Retirement hotels

Question 34

____________ tends to attract affluent older adults who are in relatively good health and want both privacy and recreational opportunities.

Answer 34

Retirement Communities

Question 35

An estimated 20% of older adults meet criteria of _____________.

Answer 35

emotional/cognitive dysfunction

Question 36

Today's cohort of older adults _______ make full use of the mental health services that are available in the community.

Answer 36

do not

Question 37

_____________ are expected to be more accepting and aware of the mental health services that are available in the community.

Answer 37

Baby boomers

Question 38

The incidence of ________ escalates with increasing age.

Answer 38

Dementia

Question 39

If no effective cure or preventive measures become available in the near future, the number of individuals with dementia will be _______ than it is today.

Answer 39

higher

Question 40

According to the diathesis-stress model individuals with ________ diathesis are especially sensitive to stressful conditions and may succumb to a disorder especially if the stress level is not very high.

Answer 40

high

Question 41

____________ refers to an individual's level of vulnerability

Answer 41

Diathesis

Question 42

_________ refers to negative events.

Answer 42

Stress

Question 43

__________ is one of the most common disorders in older adulthood and the easiest to treat.

Answer 43

Depression

Question 44

Some symptoms of depression are similar to symptoms of ___________ that are common in older adulthood making depression often underdiagnosed in older adulthood.

Answer 44

physical illness

Question 45

Depression occurs in 15% of __________.

Answer 45

community living residents

Question 46

Depression occurs in 25% of _________.

Answer 46

nursing home residents.

Question 47

More _________ than _________ up to age 80 report symptoms of depression.

Answer 47

women, men

Question 48

Widows are ________ vulnerable to depression than widowers .

Answer 48

less

Question 49

Roth et al compared caregiver burden for ________ and ___________ American caregivers over a two-year period.

Answer 49

African and European

Question 50

After Roth et al compared caregivers burden for African and European Americans, both groups reported_____ in own physical symptoms over time.

Answer 50

increases

Question 51

__________ caregivers experienced fewer psychological symptoms of depression.

Answer 51

African American

Question 52

African American caregivers have ________ psychological resiliency attributed to role expectations, prior experience with stress, and stronger spiritual beliefs.

Answer 52

better

Question 53

Only 3% of _________ disorders have initial onset after age 65.

Answer 53

anxiety

Question 54

It is estimated that between 1% and 15% of community-living ____________ have problems with alcohol with incidence at the higher end of this range for older outpatients in primary health-care settings.

Answer 54

Older adults

Question 55

Older adults are _______ sensitive to alcohol compared to younger adults which makes the effects of the alcohol persist for a longer time in older adults than in younger adults.

Answer 55

more

Question 56

Older adults with an addiction to alcohol are also vulnerable to health problems and accidents such as _______.

Answer 56

falls

Question 57

What is an acute physiological brain dysfunction with sudden onset (e.g., following surgery, etc.) •Confusion, disorganized thinking, incoherent speech, altered/fluctuating consciousness

Answer 57

Delirium

Question 58

Delirium is ________.

Answer 58

temporary

Question 59

___________ is a cognitive disorder that affects 6-10% of OA 65-85 and 25-30% of OA 85+.

Answer 59

Dementia

Question 60

_________ is most frequently found in institutionalized older adults.

Answer 60

Dementia

Question 61

The most common forms of dementia are _______ and _______ dementia.

Answer 61

alzheimers and vascular

Question 62

Individuals with ________ MCI are at a greater than average risk for eventual developing Alzheimers disease.

Answer 62

amnestic

Question 63

Individuals with ____________ are more forgetful than most people at their age.

Answer 63

Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI)

Question 64

_________ occurs when associated with cerebrovascular disorders, strokes, lesions, and high blood pressure

Answer 64

Vascular Dementia

Question 65

What encourages OA to think and talk about the past and Helps OA reevaluate and integrate life experiences?

Answer 65

Reminiscence Therapy

Question 66

What is used to treat OA with moderate to severe memory loss, confusion, and disorientation?

Answer 66

Reality Orientation Therapy

Question 67

_________ is having a person in whom one can confide one’s deepest thoughts and fears has long been recognized as a buffer against the risk of depression and Moderates psychological stress for caregivers/

Answer 67

Pet Therapy

Question 68

Dementia with _______ is now considered 2nd or 3rd most common dementia in older adults.

Answer 68

Lewy Bodies (DLB)

Question 69

______ is an irreversible brain disorder that develops over a period of years.

Answer 69

Alzheimer's disease

Question 70

______________ is at the irreversible creation of biological functioning.

Answer 70

Death

Question 71

The _________________ is the rate of decline in functioning that precedes death can vary.

Answer 71

dying tragedy

Question 72

A _____________ states how individuals want their property distributed to heirs upon their death.

Answer 72

Will

Question 73

The durable power of ____________ in health care matters is a document older adults can use to designate a trusted relative or friend to make health care decisions if they have a serious incapacity that prevents them from doing so themselves.

Answer 73

attorney

Question 74

_________ in old old group worry about how they will die, where they will die, and whether the dying process will be a burden to their families.

Answer 74

OA

Question 75

______________ adults are most likely to express anxiety about death.

Answer 75

Middle aged

Question 76

Research suggest that older adults with strong religious beliefs have a ____________ amount of anxiety about death compared to older adults without strong religious beliefs.

Answer 76

lower

Question 77

What are Kublers ross 5 stages of death?

Answer 77

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Question 78

The _____________ concept includes the provision of supportive, pain free atmosphere for dying patients and their families.

Answer 78

hospice

Question 79

______________ focuses on controlling the patients symptoms and relieving pain, rather than treating an illness.

Answer 79

Hospice

Question 80

Most people say they prefer to die at home, however more than 46% of individuals will die in ___________ or other medical facilities.

Answer 80

hospitals

Question 81

Hospice is a recognized benefit under ____________ and ____________.

Answer 81

medicare and medicaid

Question 82

_____________ is a term that refers to a gentle and easy death.

Answer 82

euthanasia

Question 83

Not resuscitating a patient who has gone into cardiac arrest is best seen as an example of ____________.

Answer 83

Passive euthanasia

Question 84

____________ is taking action to induce a patients death.

Answer 84

active euthanasia

Question 85

Providing a patient with the means to end his or her own life is a form of _____________.

Answer 85

assisted suicide

Question 86

Physician assisted suicide is not legal in _____________ state in the United States.

Answer 86

Every

Question 87

The _________________ requires that health care facilities that receive government funds must provide patients with information on advance directives.

Answer 87

PSDA

Question 88

Members of _________________ view the death of a n older adult as more acceptable than the death of a child or young person.

Answer 88

American society

Question 89

Burial rituals ad practices such as wearing black for an extended period of time are examples of _______________.

Answer 89

mourning

Question 90

_______________ is the long term process of adjusting to the death of someone to whom a person feels close.

Answer 90

Bereavement

Question 91

The _______________ age is a period of time following retirement and overlapping with young older years but could last longer.

Answer 91

third

Question 92

______________ is the illness and physical limitations have been pushed to a much later point in the life course.

Answer 92

Compression of morbidity

Question 93

________________ will be most descriptive of young old adults

Answer 93

sandwich generation

Question 94

The ___________ age is a time of life that corresponds best with ages 80 and older

Answer 94

fourth

Question 95

In the fourth age there is often a ___________ in levels of independence with some activity limitations.

Answer 95

decline