Exam 2

Question 1

becoming less responsive to something after being exposed to it repeatedly

Answer 1

habitualization

Question 2

events in the environment that can be detected and that might produce responses

Answer 2

stimuli

Question 3

a response that tends to occur regardless of the conditions

Answer 3

unconditional

Question 4

a response that might or might not occur, depending on the conditions

Answer 4

conditional

Question 5

the type of learning that occurs when a stimulus that naturally produces a response is pair with a stimulus that doesn’t naturally produce the response

Answer 5

classical conditioning

Question 6

who founded classical conditioning?

Answer 6

pavlov 1927

Question 7

the stimulus that naturally produces the unconditioned response

Answer 7

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 8

the response that is naturally produced by the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 8

unconditional response (UR)

Question 9

the stimulus that produces the conditioned response only after learning

Answer 9

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 10

the response that is produced by the conditioned stimulus only after learning

Answer 10

conditioned response (CR)

Question 11

conditioning that uses a pleasant stimulus, such as food

Answer 11

appetitive conditioning

Question 12

conditioning that uses an unpleasant stimulus, such as a puff of air to the eye

Answer 12

Aversive conditioning

Question 13

a type of classical conditioning that produces a response

Answer 13

excitatory conditioning

Question 14

a type of classical conditioning that hinders a response

Answer 14

inhibitory conditioning

Question 15

a type of classical conditioning in which the CS is presented before the US

Answer 15

forward conditioning

Question 16

a type of classical conditioning in which the CS and US are presented at exactly the same time

Answer 16

simultaneous conditioning

Question 17

a type pf classical conditioning in which the US is presented before the CS

Answer 17

backwards conditioning

Question 18

a type of forward conditioning in which the CS is presented before the US and the CS is still present when the US appears

Answer 18

delayed conditioning

Question 19

a type of forward conditioning in which the CS appears and ends before the US is presented

Answer 19

trace conditioning

Question 20

the degree to which the CS and the US occur close together in time

Answer 20

contiguity

Question 21

T/F: conditioning happens 100% of the time

Answer 21

false (rescorla 1968)

Question 22

proposes that the CS must indicate that the US is coming for learning to occur

Answer 22

Rescorla’s contingency theory

Question 23

the degree to which the CS indicating that the US is coming

Answer 23

contingency

Question 24

the tendency, after a CS-US association has been learned, for similar CS’s to also produce the response

Answer 24

stimulus generalization

Question 25

the tendency, after a CS-US association has been learned, for other CS's to not produce the response if they are sufficiently different form the original CS

Answer 25

stimulus discrimination

Question 26

the disappearance of a response when the US no longer accompanies the CS

Answer 26

extiction

Question 27

the reappearance of an extinct response after some time has passed

Answer 27

spontaneous recovery

Question 28

the tendency for a response that has been extinguished in a different to reappear in the situation where it had been learned

Answer 28

renewal

Question 29

uses one CS to condition another CS

Answer 29

second-order conditioning

Question 30

occurs when previous exposure to a CS alone makes conditioning less effective

Answer 30

latent inhibition

Question 31

occurs when a previously learned association blocks the learning of a new association

Answer 31

blocking

Question 32

occurs when one stimulus overwhelms another, such as when a US becomes more strongly associated with a more intense CS than a less intense CS

Answer 32

overshadowing

Question 33

occurs when a CS becomes stronger because it is paired with an inhibitory stimulus

Answer 33

superconditioning

Question 34

provide info about when a CS predicts a US such as a tone predicting food only when a light is on

Answer 34

occasion setters

Question 35

a model of classical conditioning that suggests that learning is a function of surprise

Answer 35

rescorla-wagner model

Question 36

a model of Classical Conditioning that suggests that CS's are attended to because they might be important signals for US's

Answer 36

pearce-hall model

Question 37

classical conditioning that produces dislike of a taste

Answer 37

conditioned taste aversoin

Question 38

an emotional response learned through classical conditioning

Answer 38

conditioned emotional reaction

Question 39

states that behaviors that lead to unpleasant consequences are likely to be repeated but behaviors that lead to pleasant consequences are more likely to be repeated

Answer 39

law of effect

Question 40

which study practiced classical conditioning on cats, with an escape box and a food source on the other side?

Answer 40

thorndike (1898)

Question 41

experimental chambers in which an animal can perform a behavior to receive a reward.

Answer 41

operant chambers