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ENSC 001 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

What is a Biome?

A

A large terrestrial region w/ similar climate, soil, plants, and animals

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2
Q

What is Biome location primarily determined by?

A

Climate

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3
Q

Tundra

A

Treeless biome in far north with harsh, cold winters and extremely short summers

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4
Q

Growing season in a tundra

A

Short, 50-160 days

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5
Q

Type of soil in tundra

A

Nutrient poor soil w/little organic material. Permafrost

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6
Q

Tundra vegetation

A

mostly grasses and sedges, simple food web

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7
Q

Boreal Forests

A

Coniferous forests in the northern hemisphere (South of Tundra) 11% of the land

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8
Q

Boreal Growing season

A

a little longer than tundra

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9
Q

Soil in Boreal Forest

A

Acidic and mineral poor, patchy permafrost

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10
Q

Vegetation in Boreal Forest

A

Drought-resistant conifers

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11
Q

Animals in Boreal Forest

A

Mostly small animals and migrating birds (some large i.e- caribou, moose)

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12
Q

Temperate Rainforest

A

Coniferous biome with cool weather, dense fog and high precipitation. High species richness

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13
Q

Temperate Rain forest Precipitation

A

Heaviest in winter

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14
Q

Temp. in Temperate Rainforest

A

Winters mild, Summers are cool

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15
Q

Soil in Temperate Rainforest

A

nutrient poor but high in organic material (dropped needles) (cool temp, low decomposition)

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16
Q

Vegetation in Temperate Rainforest

A

Large evergreens, Old-growth forest

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17
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest

A

Forest biome that occurs in temperate areas w/moderate amount of precipitation

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18
Q

Temperature in Temperate Deciduous Forest

A

Seasonality, hot summers and cold winters

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19
Q

Soil in Temperate D. Forest

A

Topsoil rich in organic material and underlain by clay

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20
Q

Grassland

A

Hot summers, cold winters, and too little precipitation to support trees 90% lost to farmland. Short grass prairies

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21
Q

soil in grassland

A

thick, organic material rich organic horizon. Periodic fires prevent tree and shrub growth

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22
Q

Animals in grassland

A

Once bison, now smaller animals (i.e- prairie dogs)

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23
Q

Chaparral

A

A.K.A Mediterranean Climate

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24
Q

What places have a chaparral climate?

A

Southern Cali, Greece

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25
Temperature in Chaparral/ Mediterranean
Mild, moist winters. Hot, dry summers. Frequent fires
26
Soil in Chaparral
Thin and often not fertile
27
Vegetation in Chaparral
Dense growth of evergreen shrubs, lush during growing season
28
Deserts
biome where lack of precipitation limits plant growth. Temp. varies greatly in a day
29
Desert Soil, Animals, and vegetation
soil low in nutrients, high in salts. vegetation sparse (cactus). Small animals to regulate temp.
30
Savana
Tropical grassland with widely scattered trees
31
Savana temperature and precipitation
seasons regulated by precipitation, not temp. temperature varies little throughout the year
32
Savana soil, plants, animals
soil low in nutrients due to leaching, vegetation has fire adaptive characteristics, hoofed animals
33
Tropical Rainforest
lush, most species rich biome that occurs where climate is warm and moist throughout the year
34
Tropical Rain-forest soil, vegetation, and animals
Ancient, nutrient poor soil, 3 distinct canopy layers. Most abundant insect, reptiles, and amphibians on earth
35
Vertical Zonation
Increasing in elevation has similar effect on ecosystem as traveling to higher latitudes
36
Aquatic Ecosystem 3 Main Ecological Categories of Organisms
Plankton (phyto-photosynthetic and zoo-animal like), Nekton (strong swimming), Benthos (bottom Dwelling)
37
Freshwater Ecosystems
2% of earth's surface, rivers/streams, lakes/ponds,marshes/swamps
38
lotic water
flowing
39
lentic
standing water
40
river continuum concept
water moves from headwaters to rivers to coastal ocean
41
body of freshwater that doesn't flow
lakes and ponds
42
3 zones of lentic water (in order)
littoral, limnetic, profundal
43
thermal stratification
temperature changes sharply with depth
44
thermocline
temperature transition between warmer surface water and colder water at depth
45
Marshes/Swamps
shallow, freshwater for part of year
46
estuaries
where freshwater and saltwater mix. highly productive
47
salt marshes
usually in temperate estuaries. shallow wetlands dominated by a few species of salt-tolerant grasses
48
Intertidal Zone
Area of shore between low and high tide. Biologically productive but stressful
49
Benthic Zone
Ocean floor, extending from tidal zone to deep sea trenches
50
3 Zones of Benthic zone
Bathyal, abyssal, hadal
51
Pelagic Environment
All the open ocean water
52
Euphotic Zone
Sufficient light for photosynthesis. Organisms are all floaters or swimmers
53
Neritic Province
Water that overlies continental shelf. Organisms floaters or swimmers
54
Oceanic Province
Water that overlies depths greater than 200 m. organisms filter feeders, scavengers and predators, adapted for darkness
55
Indicators of human health
infant mortality, life expectancy
56
Health in developed countries
generally good. men 75 yrs, women 80 yrs
57
Leading causes of death in US (chronic)
cardiovascular disease, cancer
58
Death caused by lifestyle in US
Diet, smoking, obesity
59
BMI
(weight x 703)/Height^2
60
healthy bmi
18.5-24.9
61
Most common cancer deaths
lung, prostate, breast
62
Life expectancy in developing countries
65 overall, 45 in poorest (AIDS), childhood mortality high
63
typhoid Fever
Salmonella in drinking water. 75% acquired while traveling
64
Persistence
characteristic of chemicals that are stable and take years to break down by natural decomposers
65
Bioaccumulation
Buildup of a persistent toxic substance in organisms body. time
66
biomagnification
increased concentration of toxic chemicals in tissue of organisms that are at higher levels in food webs
67
Endocrine Disrupters
a chemical that mimics or interferes w/the actions of the endocrine system in humans and wildlife
68
1980 Chemical Spill in Lake Apopka
Male alligators exhibited low testosterone and high estrogen
69
BPA
Chemical in plastics
70
Toxicology
Study of the effect of toxicants on the human body
71
what is toxicity measured by?
dose and response
72
Acute toxicity
Adverse effects occur within short period after exposure
73
Chronic toxicity
adverse effects occur some time after exposure, or after prolonged exposure to toxin
74
LD50
lethal dose
75
ED50
Effective dose
76
Linear Dose Response
Increase in the effect as a function of dose
77
Hormesis
small exposure improves health, larger causes illness
78
4 steps of risk assesment
hazard identification, dose response, exposure assessment, risk characteristics
79
Ectocology
Study of contaminants in biosphere and their harmful effects on ecosystem
80
Growth rate
birth - death plus immigration - emigration
81
Human population growth increase
due to a decrease in death rates
82
An age structure with pyramid shape is characteristic of country with what population growth?
rapid

ENSC 001 (3 decks)

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