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developmental exam 3 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Organ reserve

A

The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress, via extra, unused functioning ability.

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2
Q

• Homeostasis

A

The adjustment of all of the body’s systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. As the body ages, It takes longer for these homeostatic adjustments to occur.

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3
Q

• Allostasis

A

A dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that affects overall physiology over time. The main difference is that homeostasis require an immediate response, whereas allostasis requires longer term adjustment.

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4
Q

• Allostatic load

A

the stresses of basic body systems that burden overall functioning, eventually causing hypertension, obesity, and diabetes.

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5
Q

• Set point

A

a particular body weight tat an individual’s homeostatic processes strive to maintain.

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6
Q

• Body mass index(BMI)

A

the ratio of a person’s weight in kilograms divided by his or her height in meters squared.

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7
Q

• Diathesis - stress model:

A

the view that psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia, are produced by the interaction of a genetic vulnerability and stressful environmental factors and life events.

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8
Q

• NEET

A

Refers to older adolescents and young adults who are not in any future-oriented program and are not employed.

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9
Q

• Substance use disorder:

A

the ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user’s biological or psychological well-being

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10
Q

• Drug addition

A

a condition of drug dependence in which the absence of the given drug in the individual’s system produces a drive-physiological, psychological or both - to ingest more of the drug.

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11
Q

• Social norms approach

A

a method of reducing risky behavior that uses emerging adults desire to follow social norms by making them aware, through the use of surveys, of the prevalence of various behaviors within their peer group.

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12
Q

• Postformal thought

A

a proposed adult stage of cognitive development, following Piaget’s four Staes, that goes beyond adolescent thinking by being more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical.

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13
Q

• Dialectical thought

A

the most advanced cognitive process, characterized by the ability to consider a thesis and its antithesis simultaneously and thus to arrive at a synthesis, It makes possible an ongoing awareness of pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, possibilities and limitations.

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14
Q

• Thesis

A

a proposition or statement of belief, the first stage of the process of dialectical thinking

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15
Q

• Antithesis

A

a proposition or statement of belief that opposes the thesis, the second stage of the process of dialectical thinking

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16
Q

• Synthesis

A

a new idea that integrates the thesis and its antithesis, thus representing a new and more comprehensive level of truth, the third stage of the process of dialectical thinking.

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17
Q

• Objective thought

A

thinking that is not influenced by the thinker’s personal qualities

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18
Q

• Subjective thought

A

thinking that is strongly influenced by personal qualities of the individual thinker.

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19
Q

• Defining issues test

A

a series of questions developed by James Rest and designed to assess respondents’ level of moral development by having them rank possible solutions to moral dilemmas.

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20
Q

• Morality of care

A

In Gilligan’s view, moral principles that reflect the tendency of females to be reluctant to judge right and wrong in absolute terms because they are socialized to be nurturing, compassionate, and nonjudgmental.

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21
Q

• Morality of justice

A

In Gilligan’s view, moral principles that reflect the tendency of males o emphasize justice over compassion, judging right and wrong in absolute terms.

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22
Q

• Massive open online course

A

a course that is offered solely online for college credit, typically tuition is very low, and thousands of students enroll.

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23
Q

• Massification

A

The idea that establishing institutions of higher learning and encouraging college enrollment can benefit everyone (the masses).

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24
Q

• Plasticity genes

A

genes and alleles that make people more susceptible to environmental influences, for better or worse. This is part of differential sensitivity.

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25
• Intimacy versus isolation
The sixth of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment.
26
• Linked lives
lives in which the success, health, and well-being of each family member are connected too those of other members. Include another generation, relation between parents, grandparents and children.
27
• Helicopter parents:
the cable used for parents who hover over their emerging-adult children.
28
• Hookup
A sexual encounter between two people who are not in a romantic relationship. Neither intimacy nor commitment is expected.
29
• Choice overload
having so many possibilities that a thoughtful choice becomes difficult. This is particularly apparent when social networking and other technology make many potential romantic partners available.
30
• Cohabitation:
an arrangement in which a couple lives together in a committed romantic relationship but are not formally married
31
• Homogamy
defined by developmentalists as marriage between individuals who tend to be similar with respect to such variables as attitudes, interests, goals, socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic background, and local origin
32
• Heterogamy
defined by developmentalists as marriage between individuals who tend to be dissimilar with respect to such variables as attitudes, interests, goals, socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic background, and local origin
33
• Demand/withdraw interaction
a situation in a romantic relationship wherein one partner wants to address an issue and the other refuses, resulting in opposite reactions - one insistent on talk while the other cuts short the conversation.
34
• Situational couple violence
fighting between romantic partners that is brought on more by the situation than by the deep personality problems of the individuals. Both partners are typically victims and abusers.
35
• Intimate terrorism:
a violent and demanding form of abuse in a romantic relationship. Victim is in danger
36
• Senescene
the process of aging, whereby the body becomes less wrong and efficient
37
• Presbycusis
a significant loss of hearing associated with sene
38
• Menopause
The time in middle age, usually around age 50, when a woman's menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops. Strictly speaking, menopause is dated one year after a women's last menstrual period, although many month before and after that date are menopausal.
39
• Hormone replacement therapy
taking hormones to compensate for hormone reduction.
40
• Andropause
A term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual desire.
41
• Mortality
: Death. As a measure of health, mortality usually refers to the numbers of deaths each year per hundred thousand members of a given population.
42
• Morbidity
disease. As a meanie of health, morbidity usually refers to the rate of diseases in a given population - physical and emotional, acute(sudden) and chronic(ongoing).
43
• Disability
difficulty in performing normal activities because of physical, mental or emotional condition.
44
• Disability - adjusted life year
a measure of the reduced quality of life cause by disability
45
• Vitality
a measure of health that refers to how healthy and energetic - physically, intellectually and socially and individual actually feels.
46
• Quality-adjusted life years
a measure of how many years of high-quality life a person lives.
47
• Cognitive artifacts
intellectual tools passed down from generation to generation that may assist in learning within societies.
48
• Selective optimization with compensation
The idea that people compensate for physical and cognitive losses, becoming more proficient in activities or topics that thy choose.
49
• Stressor
any situation, event, experience, or other stimulus that causes a person to feel stressed.
50
• Avoidant coping
a method of responding to a stressor by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it.
51
• Problem-focused coping
a strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly.
52
• Emotional-focused coping
a strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself.
53
• Religious coping
the process of turning to faith as a method of coping with stress
54
• intimacy versus isolation
The sixth of Erikson’s stages of development. Every adult seeks close relationships with other people in order to live a happy and healthy life.
55
• generativity versus stagnation
The seventh of Erikson’s eight stages of development. Adults seek to be productive in a caring way, often as parents. Generativity also occurs through art, caregiving, and employment.
56
• humanism
A theory that stresses the potential of all humans, who have the same basic needs regardless of culture, gender, or background.
57
• empty nest
The time in the lives of parents when their children have left the family home. This is often a happy time for everyone.
58
• Fictive kin
people who become accepted as part of a family in which they are not genetically or legally members.
59
• kinkeeper
Someone who becomes the gatherer and communications hub for their family.
60
• sandwich generation
The generation of middle-aged people who are supposedly “squeezed” by the needs of the younger and older members of their families.
61
• extrinsic rewards of work:
The tangible benefits, usually in salary, insurance, pension, and status, that come with employment.
62
• intrinsic rewards of work
The personal gratifications, such as pleasure in a job well done or friendships with coworkers, that accompany employment.

developmental exam 3 (1 decks)

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