Exam 2 animal evaluation Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
What are the maternal line breed of hogs
A
Yorkshire, landrace, Chester white
2
Q
What are maternal line breeds know for
A
Big bodied, long torso, and milk production
3
Q
Terminal line breed of hogs
A
Duroc, Hampshire, pietrain
4
Q
What are terminal line breeds know for
A
muscling, growth, and feed efficiency
5
Q
Multipurpose breeds in hogs
A
Berkshire, Poland china, and spot
6
Q
Developed in Denmark in 1895
White in color with very large
drooping ears set close to their
head
Sows are very prolific
Heavy milkers
Satisfactory mothers
A
Landrace
7
Q
Story of England
Very large in size
White with erect ears
Prolific and excellent mothers
Most popular in US
A
Yorkshire
8
Q
Cross of Siamese and Chinese blood
Country seat of the shire of Berks in England
Black with erect ears
6 white points
Good mothers
Excellent carcass quality
A
Berkshire
9
Q
Originated in Pietrain, Belgium
Stress gene
White with black spots
Light pigmentation around spots
Eerect ears
Extremely lean and heavily muscled
A
Pietrain
10
Q
Originated I. Chester county, Pennsylvania
White with small droopy ears
Very hardy
Prolific
Poor disposition
A
Chester White
11
Q
Originated in Eastern US
Cross between Berkshire and the Jersey reds
Droopy ears
Red color variation
Dished face
Excellent carcass composition and quality
Good growth rate and efficient growth
A
Duroc
12
Q
Oldest original early American Breed of Swine
Black with white belt
Erect ears
Heavily muscled
Lean and fast growing
Gene for stress and poor quality
A
Hampshire
13
Q
Oldest US breed
Black with 6 white points
Droopy ears
Excellent feeder
Very prolific
Poorest mothers
A
Poland China
14
Q
Recently Spotted Poland China
Adds productivity gentleness and durability
A
Spotted Swine breed
15
Q
Deviled by crossing the white and red blooded stock
Duroc and Chester white
Webber in Missouri
Red in color
White face
At least 2 white legs
Medium drooping ears
A
herefords
16
Q
Originated in Ireland
Bacon type carcasses
Red in color
Excellent mothers
Rugged and thrifty breed
A
Tamworth
17
Q
What percent of hogs are company hogs
A
95%
18
Q
Priority traits from most to least in hogs
A
Muscle, growth, capacity/volume, leanness, structure and soundness
19
Q
Maternal line breeding gilts priority traits
A
structure and soundness, growth, underline quality, capacity and volume, muscling, leanness
20
Q
Terminal line breeding gilts priority traits
A
Structure and soundness, muscling, growth, capacity and volume, leanness, underline quality
21
Q
Swine muscle indicators
A
Forearm, loin, ham, and stifle
22
Q
A sign of muscling and fat is…
A
wider through the middle of the ham
23
Q
Muscle top has a ______ shape
A
Butterfly
24
Q
______ shape indicates fat
A
Flat
25
Is the top bottom or middle 1/3 the widest?
Middle, top and bottom should =
26
What points do you look at for leanness evaluation in pigs
Shoulder, loin edge, ham/loin junction, jowl, elbow pocket, flank, seam of ham
27
Lean hogs have a _____ shape
Hourglass
28
What are the 4 lean cuts of pork
Ham, Loin, Boston, butt, and picnic shoulder
29
What is the not so lean cut?
Bacon
30
What are the three places to measure fat and pork?
First rib, last rib, last lumbar vertebrae
31
The percentage of bone in, closely trimmed retail cuts from the ham, loin, Boston, butt, and picnic shoulder
Measure of comfortability
32
How to calculate the US grades calculation in swine
(Last rib back fat x 4) - muscle score
33
A US number one carcass must have at least a ________ muscle score (_ or greater)
Average, 2
34
Carcasses with a last rib back of 1.75 inches or greater must be graded _____, regardless of muscle score
US no. 4
35
1.5-1.0 US grades is what
Thin
36
2.0-2.5 US grade is what
Average
37
3.0+ US grades is what
Thick
38
Dairy goat breeds
Alpine, La Mancha, Nubian, Toggenburg, Oberhasli, Saanen
39
Meat goat breeds
Boer, Kiko, myotonic, Spanish
40
Hair breeds of goats
Angora, Cashmere
41
What is the dual purpose breed of goat?
Nubian
42
This originated in Alps between Switzerland and France.
May range in color from pure white to shades of gray, brown, black or red
Ear should be a medium size and erect
Females are excellent milkers with large well shaped utters
Alpine
43
This originated in Oregon from Spanish milk goats
They can have gopher ears, which is a maximum length of 1 inch Preferably nonexistent, or they can have elf ears, which is a maximum length of 2 inches and the end of the ear must be turned up or turned down
LaMancha
44
Disco originated in England from crossing British guilts with books of African and Indian origin
Considered dual purpose
They have a distinct Roman nose
Their ears form of bell shape
Nubian
45
Swiss area code that is medium size, vigorous and alert and appearance
Must have two black stripes down the face from eye muzzle, and a continuous black stripe along the neck and down the back
Oberhasli
46
Derrico originated in the Saanen Valley of Switzerland
Those are heavy milk producers
They are white to light cream
Ears are erected and alertly carried
They should be straight to slightly dished
Saanen
47
This is another Swiss dairy goat, breed, or originating in Toggenburg Valley
Credit is the oldest known dairy goat breed
Smallest of the Alpine breeds
Solid colored with white ears with a dark spot in the middle
Noted for excellent utter development and high milk production
Toggenburg
48
West African origin
Erect ears straight nose
Any coat color is acceptable and they may have blue eyes
They developed from the pygmy goats brought to the US
Nigerian dwarf
49
Or originated in the distinct of angora and Asia minor prior to early biblical history
These goats produce no hair
They are not prolific 60 to 70% rate
Angora
50
Not a specific breed
Technically, all goats other than Gora produce this
Blank goats have been selected to produce significant amounts
Cashmere
51
Originated from indigenous goats of the Namaqua Hottentots and Bantu tribes In Africa
Recently introduced to US in the 1990s
They are primarily meat goats
It is horned With lop ears and shows a variety of colors
Boer
52
Origin of New Zealand
Bread to improve indigenous goats
No defined color dominant color is white
Their name also means flesh or meat in another language
Kiko
53
These are also called fainting goats
Stiffen and fall when excited
All colors and coats are acceptable
Myotonic
54
West African origin small and size can be any color
Pygmy
55
Used to describe goats of unknown ancestry, but Now have conversed bloodlines
The primary source of goat meat or chevon
Spanish
56
Correct order of traits ranked for market goats
Muscle, finish, balance and style, and structural correctness
57
What all is finish influenced by in goats
Muscle in frame size, and stage of maturity
58
What creates balance and style in a goat?
Body blends together, straight top line, structurally correct, length, width, and depth are proportional and hindsaddle is heavier than foresaddle
59
How should the rump be structured on a goat?
Long, with white slope from hooks to pins, high tail set, square appearance
60
Correct Priorities for Breeding goats
Balance and style, structural correctness, capacity, or volume, masculinity/ femininity, muscle
61
Selection one goat is the best for the worst goat
Best
62
Dressing percentage for goats
45 to 48%
63
Drop value=_______ in hog pricing
Slaughter cost
64
Majority of market hogs are sold on a what basis
Carcass merit
65
How much did it cost to buy and raise it, feed, other expenses. All of this divided by how much it weighs
Break even pricing
66
English breeds
Angus, red angus, shorthorn, Hereford, polled Hereford, red poll, belted Galloway
67
European/Exotic breeds
Belgian blue, blonde d’ Aquitaine, braunvieh, charolais, chianina, Gelbvieh, Limousin, Maine-Anjou, Piedmontese, pingzar, salers, simmental, tarentaise
68
Composite breeds
Limflex, simsolutions, Mainetainer, balancer
69
American breeds
Brahman, brangus, beefmaster, Santa gertrudis, red brangus, Bradford, charlbray, Santa Cruz, simbrah
70
English breed, certified beef, most popular breed in cattle
Angus
71
Promoted cross breeding, english breed, same as angus
red angus
72
English breed, short horns, small to moderate frame, high marbling, good mothers
Shorthorn
73
England in 1742, English breed, red body white face underside and tail switch, less milk, medium frame
The polled version of this has less muscle
hereford
74
Black with white ring, English breed, good nature and decent meat quality
Belted Galloway
75
European breed, developed in 1980s, from Belgium, medium frame, low marbling, trouble calving, myostatin gene doesn’t work so heavily muscled
Belgium blue
76
European breed, southwest France, came to us in 1972, large fine boned
blonde d’ Aquitaine
77
Origin in mountains of origin, European breed, used for milk production in Europe , heavily muscled and high marbling, oldest pure breed also known as brown breed
brauniveh
78
Original France, European breed, pink nose, pale hooves, big framed heavily muscled and doesn’t marble well
Charolais
79
European breed, short hair, black nose, hooves, very tall, heavily muscled, lean, flighty disposition
chianina
80
Southern Germany, horned, red and yellow in color, name translates to yellow breed
Gelbvieh
81
Southern central France, light coloration on back legs, medium to large frame, less milk production, aggressive disposition, low marbling heavy muscle
Limousin
82
Original NW France, developed as dual purpose, horned, very large breed, heavily muscled, introduced to US through AI
Maine-Anjou
83
Original NW Italy, grey white color, horned, large framed, double muscling, low cholesterol beef
piedmontese
84
Central France, dark mahogany red, thick curly hair, medium frame, easy calving, aggressive
salers
85
One of the most widely distributed jobs, Switzerland origin, several names in different languages
Simmental
86
French alps, auburn color, short muzzle, muscular, dual purpose breed
tarentaise
87
Limousin and angus
limflex
88
Half Simmental
Simsolutions
89
1/8 to 5/8 Maine-Anjou
mainetainer
90
Gelbvieh and angus max 1/8 other breed
Balancer
91
The Brahman ordinates from what three breeds
Gazerat, nellore, gir
92
Developed in Texas, intermediate size, fast growing, horned, disposition reflects treatment, loose skin, insect resistant, heat tolerant
Brahman
93
5/8 angus and 3/8 Brahman, crossed in 1930s, combination of heat tolerant and carcass characteristics, hybrid vigor, these calves are heavier, hump large ears, need less than 1/4 brahman
brangus
94
Brahman, shorthorn, and Hereford
6 important culling practices ( disposition, fertility, weight, conformation, hardiness, and milk production
beefmaster
95
5/8 shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman, very southern Texas, deep cherry red, horned and good mothers, decent milkers, not great carcasses
Santa gertrudis
96
Market cattle priority traits
Muscle, fat (finish), balance, structure, growth
97
Muscle indicators for cattle
Forearm, stifle, loin, and quarter/rump
98
Evaluating degree of muscling
Great top shape ( grooved, butterfly top)
99
Fat indicators on cattle
Should, flank and underline, over the ribs, brisket, top line, udder, tailhead
100
Sickled hock
overly extended
101
Post legged
Straight leg
102
In at knees, out at toes
Splayed foot
103
Out at knees, in at toes
Pigeon toed
104
Characteristics of balance in cattle
Clean necked, smooth shoulder, good length of body, good weight in hind quarter, good base width
105
Breeding priority traits in cattle
Soundness and structural correctness, capacity or volume, style and balance, usc,in, femininity
106
Which of the following is not a TERMINAL line breed of hogs?
Hampshire
Duroc
Pietrain
Yorkshire
Yorkshire
107
This breed of extremely heavily muscled hogs originated in Belgium and were brought to the US to improve the muscling and leanness of American pork. However, they also suffered with a stress gene that caused problems with pork eating quality and 'downers' in the packing plant. They are white with black spots and erect ears.
Pietrain
108
This breed of pigs originated in England and with black with 6 white points and erect ears. They are known for their excellent pork quality and marketed for their high marbling.
berkshire
109
This breed of hogs is red with erect ears. They originated in England and are known for their bacon-type carcasses.
tamworth
110
___ % of hogs in commercial pork production are "Company Hogs" that are tailored to provide farmers with specific priority taits such as muscling, growth, disposition, health, or marbling.
95
111
Which of the following traits is the highest priority for MATERNAL LINE Breeding Gilts?
Structure and soundess
112
A lean, heavily muscled hog will be widest at what point when viewed from the rear?
Through the middle of the ham
113
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 lean cuts of pork?
Picnic shoulder
Ham
Boston Butt
Loin
Bacon
Bacon
114
Although pork carcasses are not typically ribbed, where is the proper place to rib a pork carcass for FFL evaluation?
10th/11th rib
115
During harvest a combination of _____ pH and __________ temperature can result in pork with pale, soft, and exudative meat.
Low, high
116
Which of the following statements about goat fiber is TRUE?
Cashmere goats grow Mohair
Mohair goats grow Cashmere
All goats (except Angora) grow Cashmere
Mohair becomes finer as the goats age.
All goats except angora grow cashmere
117
Which of the following is NOT a Swiss Dairy goat?
Angora
Oberhasli
Toggenburg
Saanen
Angora
118
This breed of goat originated in England from crossing British goats with bucks of African and Indian origin, and is considered a dual purpose breed. They have long pendulous ears that hang close to the head and a Roman nose.
Nubian
119
This breed originated in Africa and was introduced into the US in the 1990's. Primarily meat goats, these goats have a white body with a red head and lop ears. They are known to have fast growth and a kidding rate of 200% is common.
Boer
120
This goat was developed in New Zealand by breading indigenous goats to improve meat characteristics. They have no defined color, but most are white. Their name means 'flesh' or 'meat' in Maori language.
Kiko
121
This breed of goat was brought to the US by Spanish explorers. Originally this breed was just a term used to describe goats of unknown origin, but now their breeders have conserved their bloodlines. They were raised on wool ranches as a source of meat for workers and are now the primary source of goat meat.
Spanish
122
Which trait is least important in market goats
Frame size
123
What is the dressing percentage for goats
45-48%
124
Late 1700 to 1800
Originated from the British isles
Higher quality grades
Poorer yield grade
Less growth
English/british breeds
125
Originated from continental Europe
Larger later maturing
More calving difficulty
Lower quality grades
Improved growth rate and leanness of existing breeds
European/exotic/continental
126
Developed from Bo’s Indicus
Eared cattle
More heat tolerant,errant
Considered sacred in India
Tougher meat
Crosses of bos Indicus and Bos Taurus
American
127
Insect resistant
American
128
Smaller in mature size
british
129
Lean and heavily muscled
continental
130
Better quality grades
Continental
131
tougher meat
American
132
Crosses of Bos Taurus and Bos Indicus
American
133
Examples are angus, shorthorn, and hereford
british
134
Examples are Brahman, beefmaster, brangus
american
135
Heat tolerant
American
136
Examples are Simmental, Limousin, and charolais
continental
137
Which of the following traits was not among the 6 essentials used to develop the Beefmaster breed?
Hide color
milk production
Fertility
weight
Hide color
138
This breed of beef cattle originated in England and are found in the colors of red, roan, and white. They came to the US in 1783 and have horns. They are smaller frames, very docile and good mothers.
Shorthorn
139
This breed of beef cattle originate from Switzerland and their name actually means "Brown Breed." Some of these cattle were imported to the US in 1869, but were dairy-type and became the American Brown Swiss breed. The beef version came to the US in 1968. They are large framed and structurally correct, horned, with a docile disposition and high marbling.
Braunvieh
140
The Brangus breed is made up of what percentage of what two breeds?
5/8 angus and 3/8 brahman
141
This breed of goat was brought to the US by Spanish explorers. On sheep and Angora ranches, they were
included as a source of meat for ranch workers. Originally, their breed was just used to describe goats of
‘unknown origin,’ but now breeders are conserving their bloodlines
Spanish
142
his breed of meat goat was developed in New Zealand by breeding the indigenous goats. They have no
defined color, although they are predominantly white. Their name means ‘flesh’ or ‘meat’ in the native,
Māori language.
Kiko
143
This breed of dairy goat was developed in the US from Pygmy goats that were selected for their dairy
character. They are known to grow to about 17-19 in tall, have erect ears and straight nose, and any hair
color is acceptable. Some have blue eyes
nigrian dwarf
144
16. _____ What breed of goat grows Mohair?
Angora only
145
Name 3 places on a young goat where you would observe muscling?
Loin, shoulder, forearm, rump
146
This breed of white hogs with long droopy ears was developed in Denmark. They are a large breed andare satisfactory mothers, and extremely long bodied, said to have 16 pairs of ribs
Landrace
147
This breed of pigs is white with black spots and erect ears. They are from Belgium and are very heavily
muscled. They were brought to the US in the 1990’s to improve carcass traits or muscling and trimness,
however a stress gene caused problems with eating quality and downers
Pietrain
148
This dwarf breed of pigs was developed in the 1960’s and became an alternative to canine and feline pets. Their average grown weight is 70-150 pounds and they have various coat colors
Vietnamese potbelly
149
Indicate on the pig or name three places to evaluate fattening on a hog.
Over the ribs, over the shoulders, and around the rump
150
In the US, commercially-produced pork with high marbling scores and high color scores will be sold into
______________.
Japanese markets
151
Bos indicus
continental
152
5 traits of Brahman being heat tolerant
loose skin, dark pigment, short thick glossy hair, sweat glands, and internal body heat regulator
153
