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Things to know Animal Science exam 3 > Things to know > Flashcards

Things to know Flashcards

1
Q

What is made from cow calf farms

A

Weaned calves at 6-10 months and 300-700 pounds

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2
Q

This segment of the beef industry uses seasonal grazing to grow weaned
calves prior to being placed in a finishing operation

A

Stocker

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3
Q

Size of cattle entering feed lots

A

600-850lbs

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4
Q

Size of cattle exiting feed lots

A

1200-1400+lbs

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5
Q

Marketed on grid bases

A

70%- based on carcass merit, hide color, dressing %

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6
Q

Marketed on a cash bases

A

30% or less- based on calf weights at slaughter

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7
Q

Inserted under the skin in the back of the ear

A

Growth implants

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8
Q

Increases muscle gain, optaflexx, zilmax, 85% of feedlot nutritionists used one in 2015

A

Beta agonists

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9
Q

Alters rumen fermentation, improves efficiency and gain, 97% of feedlots used one in 2015

A

Ionophores

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10
Q

Gestation length of cow

A

280-283

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11
Q

Estrous cycle length of cattle-

A

19-21 days

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12
Q

Estrus length of cow

A

13-17 hours

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13
Q

Heifers should be bred at what % of their adult weight

A

65%

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14
Q

Heifers should calve at what % of their adult weight

A

85%

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15
Q
  • Several causes – bacteria, virus, protozoa, non-infectious
  • Insuring calves receive adequate colostrum, isolation of
    sick calves
A

Calf Scours

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16
Q
  • Commonly resulting in pneumonia
  • Infectious (bacteria, viruses) and non-infectious causes
    (stress, poor ventilation)
  • Antibiotic treatment
A

Bovine Respiratory Disease

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17
Q

Noncontagious, bacterial disease affects the most healthy, growing calves.
* Nearly 100% fatal
* Vaccination protects against Clostridia bacteria

A

Blackleg

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18
Q

Infected animals may display symptoms of diarrhea, fever, pneumonia, fever, or abortion. Pregnant cows infected with the virus may deliver a resistant or a persistently infected calf
Disease is commonly spread through Persistently Infected (PI) animals that are initially infected in utero and carry the virus/spread this for their entire
life

A

BVD

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19
Q

Caused by the bacteria with Leptospira genus (many
species cause illness)
* Transmitted through infected feed/water supplies
contaminated with urine

A

Leptospirosis

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20
Q

Caused by the bacteria Brucella
* Causes spontaneous abortions and is easily
transmissible from several ruminant species (Deer,
Bison, Elk, etc.)
* States all have different regulations and Brucellosis
herd statuses
* Live vaccine is available and most effective prevention
method

A

Brucellosis

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21
Q

Highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria
Moraxella Bovis
* Eye Irritation is necessary for the disease to develop
(flies, dust, light, grass, etc.

A

Pinkeye

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22
Q

Excessive gas in the rumen
* Presses on heart and lungs
* Frothy bloat – grazing lush pastures, high-protein feeds
* May also occur in feedlot cattle
* Free-gas bloat – consumption of high-concentrate feeds
in cattle not adapted to grain-rich diet

A

Bloat

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23
Q

Internal – stomach worms (hair worms), lung worms,
liver flukes, coccidian
* Less of a concern in cattle over 2 years
* External – horn flies, lice, grubs, ticks
* Deworming, rotational grazing, cull chronics

A

Parasites

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24
Q

US state with greatest number of dairy cattle

A

California

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25
Where does Arkansas rank in dairy cattle
47
26
How has dairy herd size changed? What does that do to milk production?
Dairy herds have increased and milk production has increased
27
How has milk consumption changed?
Decreased
28
is the lacteal secretion, free from colostrum, obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows”
Milk
29
Whole milk
3.5% fat (most similar to milk straight from a cow
30
Reduced fat
2% fat
31
Low-fat
1.0 fat
32
Skim milk
Less than or equal to 0.2% fat
33
Is the process where chilled raw milk is heated to 161°F for at least 15 seconds before being quickly cooled back to 39°F
Pasturization
34
involves reducing the size of fat globules into minuscule portions that are dispersed evenly throughout the milk
Homogenization
35
is manufactured by adding small amounts of lactase (milk disaccharide) that splits lactose into glucose & galactose
Lactose free milk
36
What is milk fortified with today?
A & D vitamins
37
What percentage of meat is produced from dairy cattle
20-25%
38
About how many cows are bred using sexed semen? Why?
20%, heifers cost more to raise
39
Dairy term for calving
Freshening
40
Cows handled in drylot/confinement system are sorted into production groups & fed a complete, mixed diet. They do this because different stages of cattle have different needs
Total Mixed Ration
41
Milk fever is a rapid drain of what from blood to mammary tissue for deposition of milk, Jersey and Guernsey cows are genetically prone to this disease
Calcium
42
This milk meets sanitary standards for use in fluid milk products and any dairy products such as beverage milk, fluid cream soft products (yogurt, ice cream, and cottage cheese)
Grade A
43
this milk meets less stringent sanitary standards and can be used only for manufacture products with FDA permission such as cream cheese, and hard products like butter and manufactured cheese and butter and dry milk
Grade B
44
When does a cow reach peak lactation
45-60 days
45
How long is the cows lactation period
305 days
46
How many dairy cattle are bred using AI
72.5
47
can improve milk production efficiency and reduce the negative effects of dairy production on the environment
bST
48
Which breed makes the most fat in their milk (percentage wise)
Jersey
49
Sheep have __ chromosomes while goats have __
27, 30
50
#1 state in sheep and goats (meat and angora)
Texas
51
#1 state in dairy goats
Wisconsin
52
Average 30-40 head, more productive per ewe, heavily managed
Farm flock
53
Thousands of ewes, produce the majority of lamb and wool in USA, very hardy
Range flocks
54
Wool grading order
Fine, 1/2 blood, 3/8 blood/ 1/4 blood, low 1/4 blood, common, and braid
55
Natural oil in wool
Lanolin
56
% of clean wool from fleece
Yield
57
Length of wool
Staple
58
Natural waviness in wool
Crimp
59
Dark wool/ naturally dyed
Natural
60
Sheep and goats are ______
Seasonally polyestrous
61
Sheep estrous cycle
16-17 days
62
Estrus length in sheep
24-36 hours
63
Gestation length for sheep
144-152 days
64
Estrous cycle length in goats
21 days
65
Estrus length in goats
1-2 days
66
gestation length in goats
150 days
67
What do goats have to do with progesterone only being produced in the CL not placenta
Does are more prone to embryonic death loss and stress induced abortion
68
_____ is needed for goats while it is toxic for sheep
Copper
69
Nematodes- Gastrointestinal parasites, causes weight loss, poor growth, diarrhea, anemia, bottle jaw
Parasites
70
Diarrhea, weight loss, death
Coccidiosis
71
Also known as sore mouth or orf
Contagious ecthyma
72
Contagious abscesses Goats- external Sheep- internal
Caseous Lymphadenitis
73
Any state of being other than the state of complete health
Disease
74
An observable difference in an animals normal function or state of health that indicates the presence of a bodily disorder
Clinical sign
75
A change in body organs secondary to disease of injury
Lesion
76
The cause or the study of the cause of disease
Etiology
77
The study of the nature or process of disease
Pathology
78
A living disease causing agent
Pathogen
79
The natural ability of an animal to remain unaffected by pathogens, toxins, irritants, or poisons
Resistance
80
Predisposing factors for disease
Stress, genetics, life stage
81
Disease capable of being spread from animal to animal
Contagious
82
Disease that is transferred to an animal by an arthropod
Vector born disease
83
A poisonous compound produced by some microorganisms, plants or animals
Toxin
84
Visible signs
Clinical signs
85
Clinical signs are not readily visible
Subclinical
86
Sudden onset, or early in the disease process
Acute
87
Continuing over a long period of time, or having gradual effect
Chronic
88
the process of determining the nature and severity of a disease; the art of distinguishing one disease from another
Diagnosis
89
Regulates imports and exports of animals, foreign animal disease recognition, stop/slow the speed of animal diseases across state lines
United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Things to know Animal Science exam 3 (6 decks)

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