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Bio Quiz 2 > Exam 2 Bio > Flashcards

Exam 2 Bio Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

the capacity to do work

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of energy?

A

potential and kinetic

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3
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Conservation (cannot be created or destoryed, only converted)

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4
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

Radomness, disorder, ENTROPY

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5
Q

What reaction releases energy?

A

Exergonic

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6
Q

What reaction absorbs energy?

A

Endergonic

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7
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

Lower activation energy

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8
Q

Characteristics of enzymes?

A

Catalysts
Speed up rate of reaction
Usually proteins
3-D
Specific

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9
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide & Water

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10
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen and glucose

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11
Q

What are the factors of Light dependent reactions?

A

2 photosystems
6CO2+6H20
Thylakoid

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12
Q

What are the factors of Light independent reactions?

A

1 part
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Stroma
Calvin Cycle

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13
Q

What are photons?

A

discreet packages of light

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14
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplasts

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15
Q

What does chlorophyll a absorb? What does it reflect?

A

Absorbs red and violet
Reflects green

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16
Q

What does chlorophyll b absorb? What does it reflect?

A

Absorbs red and blue
Reflects green & yellow

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17
Q

Long wavelength =
Shorter wavelength=

A

longer= low energy
shorter= high energy

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18
Q

What is the color and number for the lower side of electromagnetic spectrum?

A

purple
400

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19
Q

What is the color and number for the higher side of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Red
720

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20
Q

What are the 3 steps to the Calvin cycle?

A

1.Fixation
2. Sugar creation (reduction)
3) Regeneration

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21
Q

What is photorespiration

A

no sugar is made (O2 builds up)

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22
Q

Characteristics of C3

A

CO2
Calvin
Sugar
Open
Day
x
x

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23
Q

Characteristics of C4

A

CO2
Calvin
Sugar
Slightly open
Day
ATP
Carbon Uptake

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24
Q

Characteristics of CAM

A

CO2
Calvin
Sugar
OPEN -> NIGHT
CLOSED -> DAY
ATP
Carbon uptake
Day/Night

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25
What is the reactants of cellular respiration? What are the products? Whats the pattern?
Reactants: Oxygen and glucose Products: Water and carbon dioxide (The products and reactants are flipped from photosynthesis.)
26
Why do you need oxygen and glucose?
ATP Food/glucose electrons
27
Aerobic cellular respiration steps
Glycolysis->Krebs Cycle ->ETC
28
Glycolysis
ATP & Glucose (2 pyruvates) Water comes off NADH CYTOPLASM
29
Prep step (Acetyl COA)
MITOCHONDRIA
30
Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
produces: NADH,FADH2, ATP, CO2
31
32
ETC
makes most ATP (32) OXYGEN present Water comes off
33
What helps power Electron Transport Chain?
NADH & FADH2
34
Aerobic
Oxygen present Produce ATP (carbs,fat,proteins)
35
Anaerobic
no oxygen present
36
Is the ETC Aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic
37
What does DNA have?
Genes (Cell blueprints)
38
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
Established structural features of DNA
39
What is Chargaff's Rule?
A-T G-C -Through hydrogen bonding -Nucleotide=DNA building blocks
40
What nitrogenous bases are purines? Pyrimidines?
T & C A&G
41
What makes up structure of DNA
Nitrogenous Bases Phosphate group suagr
42
What is DNA polymerase?
1st enzyme, base pairing PROOF READS
43
What happens during replication fork?
Stands separate
44
DNA polymerase can only read when...
When 5' to 3' is paired with 3' to 5'
45
DNA Helicase
UNZIPS to form replication
46
Leading strand
3' to 5'
47
Lagging strand
3' to 5' Ozaki fragments Liase
48
What is the last step for DNA replication?
Liase -joins DNA fragments
49
What are okazaki fragments?
small sections on new strand
50
What are 3 ways mutations can occur?
1. Natural 2. Chemicals 3. Radiation (UV light) ->cancer
51
What is the life of the cell called?
The cell cycle
52
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic... Which is circular/linear
Eukaryotic-linear Prokaryotic-circular
53
Why do cells divide?
Growth, reproduction, maintenance/repair
54
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Binary fusion (identical daughter)
55
How do eukaryotes reproduce?
Mitosis, meiosis (sex cells only)
56
What is the longest stage of cell cycle?
Interphase
57
5 parts of interphase?
1.Gap 1 2.DNA synthesis 3.Gap 2 4.Mitosis 5.Cytokinesis
58
What happens during the parts of interphase?
Gap 1: primary growth, waste out DNA Synthesis: DNA replication Gap 2: 2nd growth period, prep cell division Mitosis: nucleus duplicates then divides Cytokinesis- separates cells
59
What parts of interphase grows and makes proteins?
Gap 1 and Gap 2
60
How are eukaryotic chromosomes organized?
-4 chromatids -1 Centrimere -2 sister pairs =1 chromosome (centrimere determines how many chromosomes there are)
61
How many phases are in mitosis? What are they?
4 phases PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
62
What happens during PROPHASE
Nuclear envelope disappears Sindle fibers form
63
What happens during METAPHASE
sister chromatids line up in middle of cell
64
What happens during ANAPHASE
sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite sides of cell
65
What happens during TELOPHASE
Nuclear membrane reappears, cell is ALMOST split into 2
66
Cytokinesis has a?
Cleavage furrow
67
What are characteristics about mitosis?
diploid, 2n, PMAT
68
Whats an example of mitosis & asexual reproduction
Aspen trees
69
What does meiosis produce?
Sperm and eggs
70
Where does meiosis occur?
Gonads, ovaries, testes
71
What is the products of meiosis?
Sex cells Haploid cells (1n) GAMETES >eggs & sperm
72
Process of meiosis?
1 round of DNA replication 2 meiotic divisions
73
What are the 3 main features of meisois?
1.Crossing over (prophase) 2. Sister chromatids remain joined at their centromeres throughout meiosis I 3. DNA replication is suppressed between meiosis I and meiosis II
74
Outcome of meiosis
4 haploid cells UNIQUE GENES

Bio Quiz 2 (12 decks)

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