Exam 4 Environmental Science

Question 1

Traditional VS Modern Hazards

Answer 1

Traditional-related to poverty and lack of development
-Caused by tech development

Question 2

What does Traditional and modern hazards effect?

Answer 2

traditional- developing countries and poor people

modern- industrial countries (traditional hazards are low)

Question 3

How does antibiotic resistance develop?

Answer 3

1. Few germs are drug resistant
   2 Antibiotics kill bacteria
2. drug-resistant bacteria can grow and take over
3. bacteria give their drug-resistance to others (more problems)

Question 4

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Acute effect

Answer 4

rapid & large amounts
(eating tie pods)

Question 5

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: Chronic effect

Answer 5

long term exposure & low levels/hard to measure
(lung cancer from smoking early age)

Question 6

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: LD-50

Answer 6

lethal to 50% population

Question 7

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: ED-50

Answer 7

significant response to 50% population

Question 8

What are environmental contaminants?

Answer 8

classifications based on it action/effects

Question 9

What are 2 examples of environmental contaminants?

Answer 9

1. Endocrine disruptor
2. Neurotoxin

Question 10

What is bioremediation?

Answer 10

Using organisms to clean up pollution

Question 11

What is an example of bioremediation? How?

Answer 11

Wastewater treatment
-microbes remove dissolved waste in water

Question 12

What is the Superfund?

Answer 12

Established by CIRCLA in 1980
-allows EPA to clean up certain sites
-forces companies to pay
-“polluter pay” tax

Question 13

Surface Water resources?

Answer 13

Rivers, lakes, glaciers

Question 14

What is watershed?

Answer 14

An area drained by a river

Question 15

What is a reservoir?

Answer 15

artificial lake, created by damming a river

Question 16

Where is groundwater located? Originates from?

Answer 16

Pore (small) spaces
-Originates from rain or snowmelt

Question 17

Groundwater rates

Answer 17

groundwater resources are depleting at rates that EXCEED RECHARGE

Question 18

What are recharge areas?

Answer 18

water goes into ground

Question 19

What is the greatest use of water?

Answer 19

AGRICULTURE
-irrigation, livestock, home use, commercial/industrial use, electric power generation.

Question 20

Point Source VS Non point source

Answer 20

Point
- can be traced to specific area (direct source)

Non point
-cannot be traces

Question 21

Process of eutrophication

Answer 21

1. Phytoplankton die, become oxygen demanding waste.
2. Oxygen consumed, water become hypoxic
3. Hypoxic/anoxic waters lead to dead zone, causing Ecological Catastrophe

Question 22

Differences in water
Developing world VS developed world

Question 23

What are the top 3 staple crops?

Answer 23

1. Corn 2. Rice 3. Wheat

Question 24

What are issues with crops making up 51% of all calories?

Answer 24

War, diseases, nutritional deficiencies, food security.

Question 25

What is hunger?

Answer 25

-calories taken in is LESS THAN minimum dietary energy requirement (chronic undernourishment)

Question 26

What is Malnourished?

Answer 26

Not receiving enough macronutrients (calories)

Question 27

What is Obesity?

Answer 27

Negative health effects

Question 28

T/F: A person can be obese and malnourished,

Answer 28

True -processed foods supply calories, not always macronutrients

Question 29

Genetic modification before genetic engineering

Answer 29

Traditional breeding practices. Genetic modifying traits of wild species.

Question 30

What are the benefits of genetic engineering?

Answer 30

Enhanced nutrition, cheaper production, reduced pesticides.

Question 31

What are concerns of genetic engineering?

Answer 31

Interbreeding w/ native species, consumers right to choose, long-term ecological effects, human health risk, intellectual property rights

Question 32

Evidence of Problems with GE crops?

Answer 32

There is NO EVIDENCE on ecological harm from genetic transfer to wild species OR harm to human health

Question 33

What are 3 soil forming factors? How do they impact the formation of soil?

Answer 33

1.Organisms- organic matter, nutrient cycling, mixing, aerating 2. Relief -soil erosion 3. Climate- growing season length and decomposition rates

Question 34

Soil Horizons?

Answer 34

(O)rganic (A) topsoil-minerals& organic matter,plant growth (B) subsoil- leached minerals (C) substratum- parent material soil (R) Bedrock- rock

Question 35

Characteristics of Conventional Agriculture

Answer 35

-Large c.i. -monocultures -large scale farms -Mechanization -pesticides/herbicides -fertilizers

Question 36

What are 2 Concerns of Conventional Agriculture?

Answer 36

Habitat loss & water pollution

Question 37

Pesticide

Answer 37

substance used to repel or destroy pests

Question 38

Herbicide

Answer 38

substance killing the growth of unwanted plants

Question 39

Fungicide

Answer 39

pesticides that kill/prevent the growth of fungi and their spores

Question 40

Insecticide

Answer 40

pesticides that kill/repel insects

Question 41

Benefits of using chemical pesticides?

Answer 41

increase agricultural productivity AND limit disease

Question 42

Consequences of using chemical pesticides?

Answer 42

negative impacts on non-pest species, health impacts (lymphoma, leukemia)

Question 43

Persistent organic pollutants

Answer 43

chemicals that are toxic to humans and wildlife

Question 44

Bioaccumulative

Answer 44

organism absorbs a substance faster than it can be eliminated

Question 45

Endocrine disruptors

Answer 45

mimic or interfere with the body’s hormones.

Question 46

Grasshopper effect

Answer 46

process that moves certain chemicals from warmer to colder areas of the Earth

Question 47

Define Sustainable Agriculture

Answer 47

farming to meet society's present food and textile needs while protecting the environment

Question 48

Name two characteristics of organic farming

Answer 48

use of renewable resources, conservation of soil/water

Question 49

How much food wasted in the U.S.?

Answer 49

40%

Question 50

How can I reduce my Food print?

Answer 50

Shop at farmer's markets, bring my own cup and silverware when going out to eat, don't go to buffets, cook at home more and use all of the parts of the food.