Exam 2- Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Describe what a hematocrit is measuring

Answer 1

measurement of the proportion of red blood cells (RBCs) in a person’s blood

Question 2

Plasma ( Top layer)

Answer 2

55% of blood volume (fluid watery). Contains ion, nutrients, waste and protein. Three main protein, albumin, fibrinogen, globulin

Question 3

55% of blood volume (fluid watery). Contains ion, nutrients, waste and protein. Three main protein, albumin, fibrinogen, globulin

Answer 3

Plasma ( Top layer)

Question 4

1% of blood volume

Answer 4

Buffy Coat ( Middle thin layer)

Question 5

Buffy Coat

Answer 5

( leukocyte and platelets)

Question 6

red blood cell

Answer 6

Erythrocytes

Question 7

thrombocytes

Answer 7

Platelets

Question 8

white blood cell

Answer 8

Leukocytes

Question 9

BLANK lose their nucleus and most organelles during maturation, so they aren’t considered ‘’complete’’ cells.

Answer 9

RBC

Question 10

are fragments of megakaryocytes and lack a nucleus, making them cell fragments rather than actual cells

Answer 10

Platelets

Question 11

retain their nuclei and are fully functionally cells

Answer 11

WBC

Question 12

transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissue to lungs

Answer 12

Function of RBC

Question 13

Life expectancy

Answer 13

120 days life expectancy

Question 14

(Formation) amino acids and iron recycled; produced in BLANK BLANK

Answer 14

bone marrow

Question 15

(Removal) Old RBC are removed by macrophages in the BLANK, BLANK and BLANK, where they are broken down, and their components are recycled

Answer 15

spleen, liver and bone marrow

Question 16

plasma proteins

Answer 16

Albumins, Fibrinogen, Globulin

Question 17

-most abundant
- Maintain osmotic pressure, transport substances, and buffer blood pH

Answer 17

Albumins

Question 18

-is an essential clotting factor
- is converted by the enzyme thrombin into fibrin, which forms the mesh-like framework of a blood clot.

Answer 18

Fibrinogen

Question 19

Serve as transport proteins, contribute to immune function (gamma globulins or antibodies), and assist in clotting.

Answer 19

Globulin

Question 20

Never Let Monkey Eat Bananas

Answer 20

Neutrophils
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 21

Granulocytes

Answer 21

Neutrophils(most common)
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 22

Agranulocyte

Answer 22

Lymphocyte
Monocyte

Question 23

BLANK have lobed nuclei; agranulocytes have larger, often unlobed nuclei.

Answer 23

Granulocytes

Question 24

BLANL are more involved in immediate immune responses, while BLANKre crucial for adaptive immunity and long-term defense mechanisms.

Answer 24

Granulocytes, agranulocytes

Question 25

Adaptive immunity, antibody production (B-cells), killing infected cells (T-cells)

Answer 25

Lymphocytes

Question 26

first responders to infection

Answer 26

Neutrophils

Question 27

antigen presentation, differentiation into macrophages

Question 28

Combat parasitic infections, participate in allergic reactions

Answer 28

Eosinophil

Question 29

Both T cells and B cells are critical to the BLANK BLANK defense against infections and diseases

Answer 29

immune system’s

Question 30

BLANK handle direct attacks and immune regulation,

Answer 30

T cells

Question 31

BLANK handle antibody production and long-term immune memory

Answer 31

B cell

Question 32

This process leads to the formation of all blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Answer 32

hematopoiesis

Question 33

The overarching process of blood cell production from hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 33

hematopoiesis

Question 34

A branch of hematopoiesis focused on the production of red blood cells

Answer 34

Erythropoiesis

Question 35

regulated mainly by erythropoietin

Answer 35

Erythropoiesis

Question 36

dedicated to the formation of white blood cells, regulated by colony-stimulating factors and cytokines

Answer 36

Leukopoiesis

Question 37

Universal donor

Answer 37

Type O

Question 38

Universal recipient

Answer 38

AB

Question 39

Blood type compatibility depends on matching BLANK (on RBCs) and avoiding a reaction with BLANK (in plasma)

Answer 39

antigens, antibodies

Question 40

BLANK factor also plays a key role in compatibility

Answer 40

Rh

Question 41

The Rh factor refers to the presence or absence of the BLANK on red blood cells

Answer 41

D antigen

Question 42

If the BLANK is present, the blood type is BLANK

Answer 42

D antigen, Rh+

Question 43

If the BLANK is absent, the blood type is Rh-negative (Rh-)

Answer 43

D antigen, Rh-

Question 44

If the BLANK is absent, the blood type is Rh-negative (Rh-)

Answer 44

D antigen, Rh-

Question 45

Rh+ individuals can receive BLANK blood, but Rh- individuals should only receive BLANK blood to avoid sensitization.

Answer 45

both, Rh-

Question 46

Rh incompatibility is most dangerous in subsequent pregnancies and can lead to fetal complications, but preventive treatments like BLANK are effective in avoiding these problems.

Answer 46

RhoGAM