Exam 2 - Cardiovascular System (pt. 1) Flashcards
What is the right side of the heart associated with?
pumping deoxygenated blood into the lungs
What is the left side of the heart associated with?
pumping oxygenated blood to the body
Where does gas exchange occur?
in the capillary beds of the lungs
What are the characteristics of the heart’s fibrous skeleton?
- provides structural support for the heart
- gives the muscle cells something to pull against
- electrical insulation helps regulate heart beat
What are desmosomes?
- provide a physical connection
- allow muscle cells to pull on each other without damaging membrane
What are gap junctions?
-provide cytoplasmic connection between cells
In which direction do arteries carry blood?
away from the heart
In which direction do veins carry blood?
towards the heart
Why are the ventricular walls thicker than the atrial walls?
the ventricles require greater force and pressure to expel blood from the heart and into the lungs and body
How is blood supplied for use by the heart?
a separate circulatory system just for the heart, made up of coronary arteries
What are the characteristics of systole?
- contraction
- space of chambers decrease
- fluid volume remains the same
- pressure increases
What are the characteristics of diastole?
- relaxation
- space of chambers increase
- volume of fluid remains the same
- pressure decreases
What is the cardiac cycle?
one complete contraction and relaxation
What are the steps of the cardiac cycle?
- all chambers in diastole; AV valves open; blood flows from atria into ventricles
- atrial systole; ventricles swell with extra blood pumped in by atria
- ventricular systole; right and left AV valves pushed shut; blood forces into arteries through pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
- ventricles enter diastole; right and left semilunar valves shut
What action is associated with the first heart sound?
closure of the AV valves
