Exam 2: Ch 11, 12, 14, 15

Question 1

Class Bivalvia (Pelecydopoda)

Answer 1

• clams, scallops, mussels, oysters
• 30,000 species described
• bilaterial symmetry
• ALL are filter feeders, incurrent and excurrent siphons; water pollution detrimental
• reproduction: most are dioecious; marine bivalves have planktonic veliger larvae, freshwater mussels glochidia larvae (benign parasitism); fish lures

Question 2

Glochidia larvae

Answer 2

• must attach to the gills of fish; feed on blood and other fluids; detach 2 weeks later (some upstream)

Question 3

Salamander mussle

Answer 3

relies on giant salamanders called “mud puppies” to host its larvae; all other species have fish hosts

Question 4

Salamander mussle

Answer 4

relies on giant salamanders called “mud puppies” to host its larvae; all other species have fish hosts

Question 5

Mimicry in Lampsilis spp. Mussels

Answer 5

FEMALES of freshwater mussel species in the GENUS LAMPSILIS mimic small fish with their “pregnant” gills; when a predatory fish tears off the “fish” its gills get covered by GLOCHIDIA larvae

Question 6

Class Cephalopoda

Answer 6

• squids, octopods, nautiluses, cuttlefishes
• fast moving, active predators
• complex behaviors, well-developed sense organs, and large brains
• 600 described species, ALL marine
• closed circulatory system
• jet propulsion accomplished by FUNNEL derived from MANTLE
• beak or jaws derived from RADULA

Question 7

Sperm whales are predatory to ____?

Answer 7

Giant squid (class Cephalopoda)

Question 8

Caribbean reef squid

Answer 8

• Sepioteuthis sepioidea from Bonaire
• fin along entire length of body and iridescent spots on body

Question 9

Clitellum

Answer 9

• Seen in Phylum Annelida, Subclass Clitellata
• large band covering several segments about 1/3 of the way down the body from the mouth
• used during reproduction for transferring sperm between individuals and secreting a cocoon that contains the fertilized eggs

Question 10

Tagmata

Answer 10

2+ distinguishable body segments

Question 11

Trilobite

Answer 11

extinct marine arthropod, horseshoe crab relative

Question 12

Taenidia

Answer 12

thickenings of the cuticle inside the trachea/tracheole of an insects resp system

Question 13

Phoresy

Answer 13

hitching a ride without hurting them

Question 14

ChitIN

Question 15

Pedipalps

Answer 15

second pair of appendages in arachnids: scorpion pincers, spider sensory organs, and locomotora organs in horseshoe crabs

Question 16

Ecdysis

Answer 16

casting off outer cuticle in arthropods

Question 17

Eurypterids

Answer 17

SEA SCORPION UP TO 8 FT LONG

Question 18

Carapace

Answer 18

hard upper shell of exoskeleton in crustacean or arachnid;

Question 19

Copepods

Answer 19

small crustacean in most aquatic env, zooplankton

Question 20

Hemocoel

Answer 20

primary body cavity w/ circulatory fluid

Question 21

Caste

Answer 21

u look like ur job; hunger games af

Question 22

Hemimetabolous

Question 23

Malphigian tubules

Question 24

Torsion

Question 25

Epitoky

Question 26

Hexapod

Question 27

Cuticle

Question 28

Parapodia

Question 29

Nacreous layer

Answer 29

innermost “pearly” layer in mollusk shells, allows mantle to glide without damage

Question 30

Radula

Question 31

Metanephridia

Answer 31

excretory organ, glandulsrized structurez, no flame cells

Question 32

Glochidium

Answer 32

bivalve mollusk parasitic larvae, fake fish into gills of fish host

Question 33

ChitON

Answer 33

mollusk with protective shell

Question 34

Sexual Reproduction in earthworms

Question 35

How pearls are formed (proper terms)

Answer 35

an irritant gets trapped and the mollusk coats it with layers of aragonite and conchiolin, also found in the shell

Question 36

2+ characteristics which leeches and mosquitos have in common and why

Answer 36

analgesic/anticoagulant saliva, exo- parasites, m=proboscis mouth and l=stab and suck mouth

Question 37

How freshwater mussels can colonize new, distant habitats

Question 38

Bivalve mollusks are often used as indicators of environment quality. Why are bivalves good for this?

Question 39

Medieval and 21st century medicinal applications of medicinal leeches

Answer 39

Medieval: Bloodletting through leeches; remove “bad blood” 21st: replenish blood flow; saliva contains hirudin, an anticoagulant and anti-platelet agent (ex: reattach ear or fingers)

Question 40

Why is the arthropod exoskeleton often cited as a the major reason for arthropod success?

Question 41

Describe the difference between holometabolous, hemimetabolous, and paurometabolous metamorphosis in insects and include the stages of each

Question 42

Describe and give an example of 3 ways that insects communicate w/ each other

Answer 42

sounds (cicadas), chemicals (ants) , body color (fireflies,mating)

Question 43

List 6 arthropods (common names) which either transmit disease to humans and domesticate animals or cause discomfort and irritation and give a problem (disease/irritation) for which each is responsible

Question 44

Be prepared to complete fill in the blank matching common names of animals with their taxonomic categories

Question 45

Be prepared to give the common names for various taxa covered in this unit as well as complete classification hierarchies for taxa (e.g., Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum __________, Class Chilopoda).

Question 46

Be prepared to associate terms (e.g., chelicerae) as being characteristics of these three phyla: Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda

Question 47

Phylum Annelida

Answer 47

- earthworms, clam worms, tube worms, leeches - metamerism or segmentation with septa partitioning off small coelomic cavities; hydrostatics compartments for movement and support - CLOSED circulatory system - ventral nerve cord (like arthropods) - metanephridia with nephiridiopores for excretion

Question 48

Class Polyplacophora (Amphineura)

Answer 48

- ChitONs - “many plate bearing” - 800 species, all marine - inhabit intertidal zone adhering to ricks with suction-forming muscular feet - 8 dorsal articulating plates

Question 49

All mollusks have open circulatory systems except

Answer 49

The cephalopod ones (squid, octopus)

Question 50

Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 50

- 80% of animals - “jointed foot”