exam 2 chapter 18

Question 1

thermodynamics

Answer 1

is the science of relationship btw heat, work and energy content of a system

Question 2

Thermodynamics gives us info about

Answer 2

direction and extent of a reaction

Question 3

chem kinetics

Answer 3

provides us info about the speed (rate) and pathway of the reaction (mechanism)

Question 4

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

energy can be transferred from system to surroundings but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 5

E universe =

Answer 5

E sys + E surr

Question 6

since the energy of the universe is constant

Answer 6

E sys + E surr = 0 and E sys = q + w

Question 7

first law of thermo doesn’t

Answer 7

predict the direction of spontaneous change

Question 8

spontaneous process is a process that

Answer 8

proceed in a given direction without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy

Question 9

nonspontaneous process

Answer 9

will only take place with continual input of external source of energy

Question 10

if spontaneous in one direction it’s

Answer 10

nonspontaneous in reverse

Question 11

spontaneous processes can be

Answer 11

fast or slow

Question 12

an ideal gas under vacuum in an isolated system of two flasks connected with a closed valve

Answer 12

internal energy of the system does not change

Question 13

heat spontaneously flows from

Answer 13

hotter to colder object but there is no change in overall total energy

Question 14

spontaneous processes are driven by

Answer 14

dispersal of energy or matter

Question 15

entropy (S) is

Answer 15

measure of dispersal of energy/matter (molecular randomness and disorder)

Question 16

entropy is the criterion for

Answer 16

spontaneity in all systems

Question 17

entropy increases as

Answer 17

microstates increase

Question 18

microstates are

Answer 18

the number of possible physical arrangements of particles

Question 19

entropy is a thermodynamic function

Answer 19

that is proportional to the number of microstates

Question 20

Boltzmann constant

Answer 20

1.38x10-23 J/K

Question 21

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 21

states that for any spontaneous process entropy of the universe increases (ΔS univ > 0

Question 22

sign of ΔS determines direction of

Answer 22

spontaneity

Question 23

ΔS univ = Δsys + Δsurr > 0

Answer 23

spontaneous

Question 24

ΔS univ = Δsys + Δsurr < 0

Answer 24

nonspontaneous

Question 25

ΔS univ = Δsys + Δsurr = 0

Answer 25

equilibrium

Question 26

as temp increases

Answer 26

entropy increases

Question 27

entropy increase in order of

Answer 27

solid to liquid to gas

Question 28

heavier the mass of atom (mm)

Answer 28

higher entropy

Question 29

greater number of atoms increase

Answer 29

number of possible microstates

Question 30

entropy is higher if bonds are

Answer 30

weaker

Question 31

entropy increases if

Answer 31

LE decreases

Question 32

as volume increases

Answer 32

entropy increases

Question 33

as pressure increases

Answer 33

entropy decreases

Question 34

when liquid or solid dissolve in a solvent

Answer 34

entropy increases

Question 35

gas dissolves in a liquid or solid

Answer 35

entropy decreases

Question 36

solution is diluted

Answer 36

increases entropy

Question 37

increase in the number of moles of gas

Answer 37

increases entropy