Exam 2 Chapter 4 - Hypersensitivity

Question 1

These are injurious immune reactions. They are inappropriately targeted or inadequately controlled. Secondary tissue injury.

Answer 1

hypersensitivity reactions

Question 2

Hypersensitivity reactions are ________ to control.

Answer 2

difficult

Question 3

This is a reaction to self antigens.

Answer 3

autoimmunity

Question 4

This is an excessive reaction or persistent infection, ie: viral hepatitis, tuberculosis

Answer 4

microbial

Question 5

These are the three different types of hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer 5

autoimmunity, microbial, environmental

Question 6

These are hypersensitivity reactions to harmless stimuli. ie: allergies, genetics. pollen, dander, dust mites.

Answer 6

environmental

Question 7

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are due to this:

Answer 7

allergies

Question 8

Hay fever, hives, eczema, asthma, and anaphylaxis are examples of things that would cause this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 8

Type 1

Question 9

Activation of T helper cells, increase IgE antibody production and mast cell degranulation (histamine): vasodilation, increased mucus secretion and bronchoconstriction are the three steps of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 9

Type 1

Question 10

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are due to this cause:

Answer 10

genetic predisposition (atopic)

Question 11

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions have an ______ response.

Answer 11

immediate

Question 12

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions have an immediate response. The onset is within ______ minutes and subsides with _______ minutes.

Answer 12

30, 60

Question 13

The late-phase reaction in a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction has an onset _______ hours later and usually results in epithelial damage.

Answer 13

2-8

Question 14

Type II hypersensitivity reactions are _______.

Answer 14

cytoxic

Question 15

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is antibody-mediated?

Answer 15

Type II

Question 16

These are the two antibodies associated with Type II hypersensitivity reactions. They are complements.

Answer 16

IgM and IgG

Question 17

ABO incompatibility, acute rheumatic fever, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves’ disease are all examples of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 17

Type II

Question 18

This is the test for type II hypersensitivity.

Answer 18

Coombs’ test

Question 19

Opsonization (phagocytosis), inflammation, various non-injurious forms of dysfunction are all components of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 19

Type II

Question 20

This is a type III hypersensitivity.

Answer 20

immune complex (antigen plus antibody)

Question 21

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, antigen exposure causes production of this.

Answer 21

antibody (IgG)

Question 22

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, Antigen-antibody complexes move into tissues ______ days after exposure.

Answer 22

5-10

Question 23

This is associated with complement activation in type III hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer 23

inflammation

Question 24

This type of inflammation stimulates fever, arthritis, vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, nephritis (proteinuria). (type III hypersensitivity)

Answer 24

systemic

Question 25

This type of inflammation affects vessel walls, kidneys and joints. (type III hypersensitivity)

Answer 25

local

Question 26

Lupus (SLE), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome) and serum sickness are examples of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 26

Type III

Question 27

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are _______ mediated.

Answer 27

T-cell

Question 28

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are ______ and antibody _________.

Answer 28

delayed, independent

Question 29

Various autoimmune disorders and persistent infections are examples of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 29

Type IV

Question 30

These types of T cells are cytokine-mediated. They involve macrophages and neutrophils and commonly progress into chronicity.

Answer 30

CD4+

Question 31

Cytokine-mediated Type IV hypersensitivity reactions commonly progress into ________ (poison ivy).

Answer 31

chronicity

Question 32

In direct cytotoxicity, ______ T cells attack antigenic cells, protease ---> apoptosis.

Answer 32

CD8+

Question 33

What is an example of a direct cytotoxic type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 33

type 1 diabetes

Question 34

These T cells attack viruses, neoplastic cells and transplants in Type IV hypersensitivity.

Answer 34

CD8

Question 35

Delayed reaction and granuloma formation (TB, leprosy) are associated with this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 35

Type IV

Question 36

What percentage of the population has inappropriate immune reactions (autoimmune disorders)?

Answer 36

2-5

Question 37

Autoimmune disorders are a failed self-tolerance. They contain these self reactive cells.

Answer 37

T and B

Question 38

This is failed self-tolerance involving apoptosis in thymus or marrow.

Answer 38

central tolerance

Question 39

This is failed self-tolerance in inactivation or apoptosis.

Answer 39

peripheral tolerance

Question 40

Tissue damage with autoimmune disorders can be:

Answer 40

localized or multisystem

Question 41

These tissues are the ones primarily damaged in autoimmune disorders.

Answer 41

connective tissue, vessels

Question 42

This is the most common type of autoimmune disorder. It can arise from genetic mutations or environmental factors.

Answer 42

idiopathic

Question 43

This is the population most likely to develop autoimmune disorders.

Answer 43

females of childbearing age