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Gen Path > Exam 2 Chapter 4 - Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Exam 2 Chapter 4 - Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

These are injurious immune reactions. They are inappropriately targeted or inadequately controlled. Secondary tissue injury.

A

hypersensitivity reactions

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2
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions are ________ to control.

A

difficult

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3
Q

This is a reaction to self antigens.

A

autoimmunity

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4
Q

This is an excessive reaction or persistent infection, ie: viral hepatitis, tuberculosis

A

microbial

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5
Q

These are the three different types of hypersensitivity reactions.

A

autoimmunity, microbial, environmental

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6
Q

These are hypersensitivity reactions to harmless stimuli. ie: allergies, genetics. pollen, dander, dust mites.

A

environmental

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7
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are due to this:

A

allergies

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8
Q

Hay fever, hives, eczema, asthma, and anaphylaxis are examples of things that would cause this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Type 1

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9
Q

Activation of T helper cells, increase IgE antibody production and mast cell degranulation (histamine): vasodilation, increased mucus secretion and bronchoconstriction are the three steps of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Type 1

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10
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are due to this cause:

A

genetic predisposition (atopic)

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11
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions have an ______ response.

A

immediate

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12
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions have an immediate response. The onset is within ______ minutes and subsides with _______ minutes.

A

30, 60

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13
Q

The late-phase reaction in a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction has an onset _______ hours later and usually results in epithelial damage.

A

2-8

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14
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reactions are _______.

A

cytoxic

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15
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is antibody-mediated?

A

Type II

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16
Q

These are the two antibodies associated with Type II hypersensitivity reactions. They are complements.

A

IgM and IgG

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17
Q

ABO incompatibility, acute rheumatic fever, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves’ disease are all examples of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Type II

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18
Q

This is the test for type II hypersensitivity.

A

Coombs’ test

19
Q

Opsonization (phagocytosis), inflammation, various non-injurious forms of dysfunction are all components of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Type II

20
Q

This is a type III hypersensitivity.

A

immune complex (antigen plus antibody)

21
Q

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, antigen exposure causes production of this.

A

antibody (IgG)

22
Q

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, Antigen-antibody complexes move into tissues ______ days after exposure.

A

5-10

23
Q

This is associated with complement activation in type III hypersensitivity reactions.

A

inflammation

24
Q

This type of inflammation stimulates fever, arthritis, vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, nephritis (proteinuria). (type III hypersensitivity)

A

systemic

25
Q

This type of inflammation affects vessel walls, kidneys and joints. (type III hypersensitivity)

A

local

26
Q

Lupus (SLE), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome) and serum sickness are examples of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Type III

27
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are _______ mediated.

A

T-cell

28
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are ______ and antibody _________.

A

delayed, independent

29
Q

Various autoimmune disorders and persistent infections are examples of this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Type IV

30
Q

These types of T cells are cytokine-mediated. They involve macrophages and neutrophils and commonly progress into chronicity.

A

CD4+

31
Q

Cytokine-mediated Type IV hypersensitivity reactions commonly progress into ________ (poison ivy).

A

chronicity

32
Q

In direct cytotoxicity, ______ T cells attack antigenic cells, protease —> apoptosis.

A

CD8+

33
Q

What is an example of a direct cytotoxic type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type 1 diabetes

34
Q

These T cells attack viruses, neoplastic cells and transplants in Type IV hypersensitivity.

A

CD8

35
Q

Delayed reaction and granuloma formation (TB, leprosy) are associated with this type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A

Type IV

36
Q

What percentage of the population has inappropriate immune reactions (autoimmune disorders)?

A

2-5

37
Q

Autoimmune disorders are a failed self-tolerance. They contain these self reactive cells.

A

T and B

38
Q

This is failed self-tolerance involving apoptosis in thymus or marrow.

A

central tolerance

39
Q

This is failed self-tolerance in inactivation or apoptosis.

A

peripheral tolerance

40
Q

Tissue damage with autoimmune disorders can be:

A

localized or multisystem

41
Q

These tissues are the ones primarily damaged in autoimmune disorders.

A

connective tissue, vessels

42
Q

This is the most common type of autoimmune disorder. It can arise from genetic mutations or environmental factors.

A

idiopathic

43
Q

This is the population most likely to develop autoimmune disorders.

A

females of childbearing age

Gen Path (4 decks)

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