exam 2-- chapters 7-10

Question 1

psychopathology/abnormality

Answer 1

a significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that indicates a dysfunction in mental functioning

Question 2

wakefield’s view on psychopathology/abnormality

Answer 2

mental disorders are conceived as harmful dysfunctions involving two separate components.
1) the failure of a mechanism in the person to perform a natural function
2) a value judgement that the dysfunction is undesirable

Question 3

DSM revision progress

Answer 3

includes a task force and considers proposed criteria for disorders. task force designs each disorder by how it:
1)impacts clinicians
impacts clients
impacts research.
had work groups– composed of experts in a particular area of mental disorders, included a scientific review committee, field trials, and communication with WHO

Question 4

three broad categories of disorders in DSM

Answer 4

1) psychoses– today’s schizophrenia
2) neuroses– today’s major depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders
3) character disorders– today’s personality disorders

Question 5

changes considered for DSM5 but not made

Answer 5

emphasizing biological roots of disorders, a dimensional approach for some disorders, and additional disorders such as internet gaming disorder and other behavioral addictions, nonsuicidal self-injury disorder

Question 6

how DSM was changed between 1 and 2 - 3

Answer 6

DSM3 was much more extensive and longer, no longer had allegiance to any particular theory (atheoretical), used specific diagnostic criteria used to define disorders, relied on empirical data to determine which disorders to include and how to define them. introduced a multiaxial system which was dropped in dsm5

Question 7

changes from dsm4-5

Answer 7

elimination of multiaxial systems, introduced new disorders such as– premenstural dysphoric disorder, disruptive dysregulation disorder, binge eating disorder, and hoarding disorder. also revisions to existing disorders. (mental retardation - intellectual disability)

Question 8

three characteristics all assessment techniques possess

Answer 8

validity
reliability
utility

Question 9

information to gather about client’s history

Answer 9

clients background, birth and development, family of origin and fam history, education history, employment history, recreation/leisure, sexual history, relationship history, alcohol and drugs, physical health

Question 10

general skills an interviewer should have

Answer 10

quieting yourself, being self-aware, ability to develop a positive working relationship, eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, verbal tracking

Question 11

rapport

Answer 11

a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client

Question 12

directive interviewing

Answer 12

questions targeted toward specific information (mostly closed-ended questions)

Question 13

non directive interviewing

Answer 13

allows client to guide course of interview. mostly open-ended questions

Question 14

clarification

Answer 14

listening technique– make sure the interviewer has an accurate understanding of client’s comments, communicates that the interviewer is actively listening

Question 15

confrontation

Answer 15

listening technique– used when an interviewer notices discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client’s comments

Question 16

paraphrasing

Answer 16

listening technique– assures clients that they are being heard, not to clarify or resolve contradictions

Question 17

reflection of feeling

Answer 17

listening technique– echoes client’s emotions, intended to make the client feel that their emotions are being recognized. interviewers make an inference

Question 18

summarizing

Answer 18

involves tying together various topics that may have been discussed and identifying themes that have recurred

Question 19

good interviewing room

Answer 19

clients prefer comfortable, neat rooms with soft lighting, comfortable furniture, art on wall, etc. !!steer clear of overtly personal items!!

Question 20

intake interview

Answer 20

determines whether to “intake” the client– whether the client needs treatment and if so what type

Question 21

diagnostic interview

Answer 21

diagnose the client. interviewer should be able to assign DSM diagnosis

Question 22

mental status exam

Answer 22

assesses how the client is functioning at time of evaluation

Question 23

crisis interview

Answer 23

a special type of clinical interview that is designed to assess a problem demanding urgent action (client considering harming themselves or others)

Question 24

what to look for in a crisis interview

Answer 24

how depressed is the client?
suicidal thoughts?
suicide plan?
how much self-control do they appear to have?
definite suicidal intentions?

Question 25

intelligence tests

Answer 25

measure a client's intellectual abilities

Question 26

achievement tests

Answer 26

measure what a client has accomplished with their intellectual abilities

Question 27

hierarchal model of intelligence

Answer 27

specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all at least somewhat related to one another and to a global, overall intelligence

Question 28

intelligence assessment that emphasizes cultural fairness

Answer 28

culture-fair intelligence tests rely upon questions that are non verbal. ex. pencil and paper

Question 29

mean iq score and sd of wechsler and stanford-binet

Answer 29

mean - 100 sd - 15

Question 30

block design test

Answer 30

wechsler subtest - recreate a specific pattern or design of colored blocks

Question 31

picture completion test

Answer 31

wechsler subtest - view a picture of a simple object or scene and identify the important part that is missing

Question 32

matrix reasoning test

Answer 32

wechsler subtest - view an incomplete matric and select missing portion

Question 33

coding test

Answer 33

wechsler subtest - using pencil and paper, repeatedly copy simple shapes/symbols in appropriate spaces according to key provided

Question 34

symbol search test

Answer 34

wechsler subtest - scan a group of visual shapes/symbols to determine if target shapes appear in a group

Question 35

wechsler subtests that assess attention, concentration and mental control

Answer 35

1) digit span - memorize string of numbers 2) letter number sequencing - examiners present sequence of numbers and letters and individual must repeat numbers small-large and letters alphabetical

Question 36

similarities between wechsler and stanford-binet

Answer 36

face to face/one on one, hierarchal model of intelligence, same mean and sd, strong reliability and validity

Question 37

differences between standofrd-binet and wechsler

Answer 37

SB covers entire lifespan, each subtest has a greater number of easy and difficult items

Question 38

neuropsychological tests

Answer 38

measure cognitive functioning or impairment of the brain

Question 39

full batteries (halstead-reitan neuropsychological battery)

Answer 39

eight standardized neuropsychological tests, suitable for clients 15+, identify people with brain damage

Question 40

strengths of halstead-reitan battery

Answer 40

empirical research suggests that the HRB and its tests are reliable and valid, comprehensive

Question 41

weaknesses of halstead-reitan neuropsychological battery

Answer 41

length, flexibility,, limited overlap w real life day-to-day tasks

Question 42

bender-gestalt test

Answer 42

3+ years old, brief test and "quick check" for neuropsychological problems

Question 43

objective personality assessment

Answer 43

unambiguous test items, offers clients a limited range of responses, objectively scored

Question 44

projective personality assessment

Answer 44

less structured and involve a greater degree of judgement in scoring and interpretation-- responses r open ended

Question 45

MMPI general format

Answer 45

initally consisted of 550+ self-descriptive sentences, pencil and paper answer sheet to mark whether each statement is true or false as it applies to client

Question 46

emirical criterion keying

Answer 46

used in developing MMPI-- involves identifying distinct groups of people and asking them all to respond to the same test items, and comparing responses between groups

Question 47

"fake good" and "fake bad"

Answer 47

self-report measures are vulnerable to dishonest efforts by clients

Question 48

MMPI-2

Answer 48

published in 1989, addressed several weaknesses of original. some items were removed or revised that had outdated or awk wording

Question 49

MMPI-A (adolescent inventory)

Answer 49

ages 14-18 years, published in 92. similar administration, scoring, and interpretation to MMPI-2

Question 50

MMPI-2 RF (restructured form)

Answer 50

released in 08, shorter version of MMPI-2. contained only 338 items, also included masculinity-femininity scales and social introversion scales

Question 51

MMPI-3

Answer 51

released in 2020, included 335 self-report measures

Question 52

criticisms of MMPI

Answer 52

too lengthy and time consuming, requires reading ability and prolonged attention, focuses on forms of psychopathology as the factors that make up personality

Question 53

Millon Clinical Mutiaxial Inventory

Answer 53

similar to MMPI but stronger emphasis on personality disorders. originally made in 77, current version published in 15. 195 true/false items. best use is identifying personality disorders

Question 54

rorscach inkblot method

Answer 54

10 inkblots, administration occurs in two phases– response or free association phase and inquiry phase. John Exner combined aspects of scoring items to create the comprehensive system. Some variables considered in scoring– location, determinants, form quality, popular, content. The way a client makes sense of the inkblot parallels the way they make sense of the world.

Question 55

thematic apperception test

Answer 55

presents client with a series of cards, each with ambiguous picture. Client must create a story to go along with scene. Often analyzed without formal scoring