Exam 2: Chp 18

Question 1

Necrosis

Answer 1

cell swells and bursts, spilling its contents which can damage its neighbor

Question 2

Apoptosis

Answer 2

cytoskeleton collapse, cell shrinks and condenses, nuclear envelope disassembles, chromatin condensed and fragmented, plasma membrane bulges outward to form apoptotic bodies that are phagocytosed

Question 3

Caspase

Answer 3

specialized proteases that mediate apoptosis

Question 4

What do executioner caspases activate

Answer 4

cleavage of nuclear lamina, flippase, scramblase, and inhibitors of DNA degradation

Question 5

CAD

Answer 5

activated by executioner caspase cleaving its inhibitor; fragments DNA between nucleosomes

Question 6

Initiator caspases

Answer 6

begin as inactive monomers that are recruited by adaptor proteins, dimerize, and cleave each other to become active; only activate executioner caspases

Question 7

Extrinsic apoptotic pathway

Answer 7

Fas Death receptor receives Fas ligand from lymphocyte, activating initiator caspases, activating executioner caspases

Question 8

Intrinsic apoptotic pathway

Answer 8

cytochrome c released, binds to Apaf1 inducing confirmation change; Apaf1 forms apoptosome; initiator caspases bind to CARD domain of apoptosome and become activated

Question 9

Anti-apoptotic Bcl2 family

Answer 9

stimulated by survival factors; Bcl2 BcXL

Question 10

Pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family

Answer 10

Bax, Bak; inhibited by anti-apoptotic Bcl2 family

Question 11

Pro-apoptotic BH3 only protein

Answer 11

stimulated by p53/DNA damage; Bad, Bim, Bid, inhibit anti-apoptotic family

Question 12

Bad inactivated by

Answer 12

survival factor activating Akt kinase

Question 13

Bak

Answer 13

oligomerizes to form pores in out mitochondrial membrane that release cytochrome c

Question 14

BclXL

Answer 14

prevents Bak from oligimerizes

Question 15

Bad

Answer 15

binds to BclXL to prevent it from inhibiting Bak