exam 2 clicker Q's

Question 1

How does the presence of high ATP affect the activity of the enzyme phosphofructokinase? 
A. The activity is lowered
B. The activity is unchanged
C. The activity is raised
D. All of the above could be correct.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug. It is structurally similar to the coenzyme folate which binds to the
enzyme dihydrofolate reducatase. This enzyme is part of the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and when methotrexate binds the enzyme, it renders it inactive by blocking folate, so it cannot synthesize DNA and RNA. Thus, the cancer cells are unable to grow and divide. What kind of regulation is it?
• A. Allosteric activation
• B. Allosteric inhibition
• C. Competitive inhibition
• D. Non-competitive allosteric inhibition

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An early experiment: out of what material does a plant create its matter?
A. The Soil 
B. Water 
C. The Air 
D. Microbes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What has been the largest source of energy for human cultural evolution?
• A. Nuclear Power
• B. Renewable energy 
• C. Animal Power
• D. Fossil Fuels

Answer 4

D

Question 5

What has been the largest source of energy for human cultural evolution?
• A. Nuclear Power
• B. Renewable energy 
• C. Animal Power
• D. Fossil Fuels

Answer 5

D

Question 6

What is the name of the photosynthetic organelle of plants?
• A. Mitochondria 
• B. Midi-chlorian 
• C. Chloroplast
• D. Gastrula

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Photosystem II pulls electrons from _____, resulting in the production of oxygen and protons on the lumen side of the membrane. Photosystem I passes electrons to ______, producing ______ for use in the Calvin cycle.
• A. NADH; ATP; Rubisco
• B. water; NADP+; NADPH
• C. Chlorophyll; water; NADPH
• D. the lumen; the thylakoid; chloroplasts

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Early photosystems may have used something like \_\_\_\_\_ as an electron donor instead of water.
• A. ATP
• B. NADPH
• C. Chlorophyll 
• D. H2S

Answer 8

D

Question 9

The accumulation of protons in the thylakoid \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ drives the production of \_\_\_\_\_
• A. chloroplast; NADH
• B. lumen; ATP
• C. Pigment; Rubisco
• D. Mitochondria; PGAL

Answer 9

B

Question 10

What is the spectrum of light that chlorophyll can harvest?
• A. Shorter than 400 nm
• B. Longer than 700 nm
• C. Between 400 and 700 nm • D. Longer than 12,000 nm

Answer 10

C

Question 11

When NADP+ gains an electron (in the form of an H) is this reduction or oxidation of the NADP+?
• A. Oxidation
• B. Reduction

Answer 11

B

Question 12

What is the most common protein (enzyme) on earth by weight?
• A. RNA polymerase I 
• B. RNA polymerase V 
• C. Rubisco
• D. Helicase

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Photorespiration is the loss of efficiency of the
Calvin cycle when Rubisco acts on ______ instead
of _______
• A. RuBP; CO2
• B. RuBP; O2
• C. O2; CO2
• D. CO2; O2

Answer 13

C

Question 14

Carotenoids are…
• A. Used by plants in photosynthesis
• B. Beneficial compounds in a human diet
• C. Responsible for the beautiful fall colors of leaves on trees
• D. All of the above

Answer 14

D

Question 15

What kind of signal would it be? A compound emitted by the gonads and adrenal glands diffuses throughout the body causing sex-specific body development. Male organisms tend to produce more of this substance.
• A. Intracrine
• B. Paracrine
• C. Endocrine
• D. Pheromonal

Answer 15

C

Question 16

What kind of signal would it be? A compound emitted internally in a cell causes changes to the behavior of the cell itself.
• A. Intracrine
• B. Paracrine
• C. Endocrine
• D. Pheromonal

Answer 16

A

Question 17

What kind of signal would it be? A compound emitted in a termite colony by the queens suppresses the ovary development in female worker termites to prevent them from reproducing.
• A. Intracrine
• B. Paracrine
• C. Endocrine
• D. Pheromonal

Answer 17

D

Question 18

What kind of receptor is it? In response to the binding of a neurotransmitter, this protein complex opens a channel in the membrane – allowing the flow of Calcium ions into the cell.
• A. G protein-coupled receptor • B. Receptor kinase
• C. Ligand-gated ion channel
• D. Any of the above

Answer 18

C

Question 19

How many chromatids do humans have before S-phase in each somatic cell of their body?
• A. 23
• B. 46
• C. 92
• D. 12 or 13

Answer 19

B

Question 20

At the end of meiosis, how many sperm are created from one parent cell?
• A. 1 
• B. 4 
• C. 8 
• D. 16

Answer 20

B

Question 21

At the end of meiosis, how many functioning eggs are created from one parent cell?
• A. 1 
• B. 4 
• C. 8 
• D. 16

Answer 21

A

Question 22

Which of the following is true of cancer cells?
• A. A cancer cell will undergo apoptosis as any normal cell would.
• B. All cancer cells have the ability to migrate to other parts of the
body through the process of angiogenesis.
• C. Cancer cells do not stop dividing even if they are overcrowded.
• D. A cancer cell will remain the G0 phase indefinitely.

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding cell cycle regulators?
A. Different cyclins send a Cdk to different targets.
B. Levels of cyclins can change dramatically across the cell cycle.
C. When a cyclin partners with a Cdk, it inactivates the Cdk.
D. A Cdk is a DNA repair enzyme.

Answer 23

A,B

Question 24

Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?
A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells.
B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer.
C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells.
D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.

Answer 24

C

Question 25

Which of the following explains how apoptosis is related to cancer? A. The cues that would trigger apoptosis have failed in cancer cells. B. Cancer cells cause excessive apoptosis in surrounding cells to make room for more cancer cell growth. C. Cancer is an example of uncontrolled apoptosis. D. Cancer cells are formed when necrosis occurs instead of apoptosis.

Answer 25

A

Question 26

Which of the following observations tells a scientist that the organism she is observing is a eukaryote? • A. The organism has ribosomes • B. The organism has a membrane bound nucleus • C. The organism is unicellular • D. The organism has a cell membrane

Answer 26

B

Question 27

``` In which direction are new DNA strands built (on the new strands themselves – not the template strand)? • A. In the 5’ to 3’ direction • B. In the 3’ to 5’ direction ```

Answer 27

A

Question 28

``` An _________is needed to begin synthesis on a new strand of DNA. This piece allows the DNA polymerase to come in and begin its work. • A. Topoisomerase • B. Ligase • C. RNA polymerase • D. RNA primer ```

Answer 28

D

Question 29

``` A DNA ______joins the DNA fragments in the lagging strand. This also joins up the multiple sections of replicating DNA within the chromosome. • A. Topoisomerase • B. Ligase • C. RNA polymerase • D. RNA primer ```

Answer 29

B

Question 30

``` ______________relieves stress on the double helix that results from unwinding. • A. Topoisomerase • B. Ligase • C. RNA polymerase • D. RNA primer ```

Answer 30

A

Question 31

Which strand is the template strand? A 5’ ATAGCTAGTCCTATAAAGGGCAAAAGCCCGGATGCATCGCGCGGGCCA 3’ B 3’ TATCGATGAGGATATTTCCCGTTTTCGGGCCTACGTAGCGCGCCCGGT 5’

Answer 31

B

Question 32

What direction will transcription go in? Right or left? 5’ ATAGCTAGTCCTATAAAGGGCAAAAGCCCGGATGCATCGCGCGGGCCA 3’ 3’ TATCGATGAGGATATTTCCCGTTTTCGGGCCTACGTAGCGCGCCCGGT 5’ A. To the right B. To the left

Answer 32

A

Question 33

Which mutation below would likely be the most dramatic in its effects? GCU ACG GAG CUU CGG AGC UAG (Original sequence) CGC UAC GGA GCU UCG GAG CUA G (single base insertion) GCU UAG GAG CUU CGG AGC UAG (stop codon insertion) GCU CAG ACG GAG CUU CGG AGC UAG (three base insertion) A. The single base insertion B. The stop codon C. Both the single base insertion and the stop codon D. The three base insertion and the stop codon

Answer 33

C

Question 34

Do humans have variability in their protein- coding DNA and mRNA (and thus variability in some of their proteins)? • A. Yes. • B. No.

Answer 34

A

Question 35

``` 5. From an animal’s perspective, what is the most important by-product of photosynthesis? • A. Oxygen • B. Carbon Dioxide • C. Carbohydrate foods • D. Nitrogen fixation ```

Answer 35

A, C

Question 36

``` 2. How many chromatids do humans have after S- phase in each somatic cell of their body? • A. 23 • B. 46 • C. 92 • D. 12 or 13 ```

Answer 36

C

Question 37

7. Where is the TATA box promoter? Strand A or strand B? A 5’ ATAGCTAGTCCTATAAAGGGCAAAAGCCCGGATGCATCGCGCGGGCCA 3’ B 3’ TATCGATGAGGATATTTCCCGTTTTCGGGCCTACGTAGCGCGCCCGGT 5’

Answer 37

Both