Exam 2 Content Support Drawings & Outlines

Question 1

What 3 structures make up the brainstem?

Answer 1

1) midbrain
2) pons
3) medulla oblongata

Question 2

All cranial nerves emerge from the ventral brainstem except:
-CN I and II emerge from the ___________________
-CN IV emerges from the tectum (dorsal part) of __________
-the spinal part of CN ______ emerges from C1-C5 spinal cord segments

Answer 2

prosencephalon, midbrain, XI

Question 3

CN I consists of nerve fibers in the….

Answer 3

cribriform plate of the ethmoid b.

Question 4

CN IV represents the border between the….

Answer 4

midbrain and pons

Question 5

CN V emerges from the pons and has 3 divisions. What are they?

Answer 5

1) ophthalmic (V1)
2) maxillary (V2)
3) mandibular (V3)

Question 6

The basilar sulcus of the _______ houses the basilar a. on the basilar plexus of veins on the basilar process of the occiput

Answer 6

pons

Question 7

What are the cranial nerves from medial to lateral at the pontomedullary junction?

Answer 7

CN VI, VII, and VIII

Question 8

What are the cranial nerves found posterolaterally to the olive on the medulla?

Answer 8

CN IX, X, and XI

Question 9

What cranial nerves exit through the jugular foramen with the IJV?

Answer 9

CN IX, X, and XI

Question 10

What cranial nerve is found anteromedially to the olive on the medulla?

Answer 10

CN XII

Question 11

What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?

Answer 11

1) olfactory (smell) n.
2) optic n.
3) oculomotor n.
4) trochlear n.
5) trigeminal n.
6) abducens n.
7) facial n.
8) vestibulocochlear n.
9) glossopharyngeal n.
10) vagus n.
11) spinal accessory n.
12) hypoglossal n.

Question 12

The internal carotid a. terminates into 3 branches. What are they?

Answer 12

1) anterior cerebral a.
2) middle cerebral a.
3) posterior communicating a.

Question 13

The basilar a. is formed by the union of the…

Answer 13

R/L vertebral arteries

Question 14

The pons of the brainstem lies over the _________ a.

Answer 14

basilar

Question 15

Which artery usually branches from the anterior inferior cerebellar a. but sometimes from basilar a.?

Answer 15

labyrinthine a.

Question 16

What are the terminal branches of the basilar a.?

Answer 16

posterior cerebral arteries

Question 17

The vertebral arteries originate from the ____________ and ascend through the transverse foramen of ________ and then enter the foramen magnum

Answer 17

subclavian arteries, C6-C1

Question 18

Which artery usually branches from the vertebral a. but sometimes from the posterior inferior cerebellar a.?

Answer 18

posterior spinal a.

Question 19

The dural venous sinuses drain blood from the brain into the….

Answer 19

IJV (note: they do not have a tunic media)

Question 20

the _________________ of dural venous sinuses is an expended area that receive blood from the superior sagittal, straight, 2 transverse, and occipital sinuses

test q

Answer 20

confluence

Question 21

The great cerebral v. + inferior sagittal v. = ?

test q

Answer 21

straight sinus

Question 22

The superior perosteal sinus + transverse sinus = ?

test q

Answer 22

sigmoid sinus

Question 23

The sigmoid sinus + inferior perosteal sinus
= ?

test q

Answer 23

IJV

Question 24

The ________ receives blood from the dural venous sinus network and is the main venous drainage of the brain

Answer 24

IJV

Question 25

The ______ exits the skull through the jugular foramen along with CN IX, X, and XI

Answer 25

IJV

Question 26

What does CN III (oculomotor n.) innervate?

Answer 26

eye muscles including the levator palpebrae superioris

except LR6SO4- lateral rectus is innervated by CN VI and superior oblique is innervated by CN IV

Question 27

What does CN IV (trochlear n.) innervate?

Answer 27

superior oblique m.

Question 28

What does CN V (trigeminal n.) innervate?

Answer 28

-sensory innervation to the face
-general senses to anterior 2/3 tongue
-muscles of mastication
-neck (anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid)
-tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles

Question 29

What does the abducens n. (CN VI) innervate?

Answer 29

lateral rectus m.

Question 30

What does the facial n. (CN VII) innervate?

Test q

Answer 30

-muscles of facial expression
-neck (posterior belly of digastric m. and stylohyoid m.)
-taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 31

What are the functions of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.)?

Answer 31

Vestibular part = equilibrium

Cochlear part = hearing

Question 32

What does CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) innervate?

Answer 32

-general sensory and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
-carotid (baroreceptors and chemoreceptors)
-stylopharyngeal m. (Test q)

Question 33

What does the vagus n. innervate?

Answer 33

-aorta
-palate muscles (except tensor veli palatini)
-palatoglossus m. (tongue)
-all pharyngeal muscles except stylopharyngeal m.
-all laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid m. which is innervated by superior laryngeal n. and all others are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n. branch)

Question 34

What does CN XI (spinal accessory n.) innervate?

Answer 34

SCM and traps

Question 35

What does CN XII (hypoglossal n.) innervate?

Answer 35

All tongue muscles except palatoglossus m.

Question 36

Which cranial nerves have a parasympathetic component?

Answer 36

CN III, VII, IX, and X

Question 37

What is the aperture for CN I?

Answer 37

Cribriform plate (ethmoid b.)

Question 38

What is the aperture for CN II?

Answer 38

Optic canal (sphenoid b.)

Question 39

What is the aperture for CN III, IV, part of V (V1), and VI?

Answer 39

Superior orbital fissure (sphenoid b.)

Question 40

What are the apertures for each division of the trigeminal n.?

Answer 40

V1= superior orbital fissure (sphenoid b.)

V2= foremen rotundum (sphenoid b.)

V3= foremen ovale (sphenoid b.)

Question 41

What are the apertures for CN VII?

Answer 41

Internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen of temporal b.

Question 42

What is the aperture for CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.)?

Answer 42

internal acoustic meatus of the temporal b.

Question 43

What is the aperture for CN IX, X, and XI?

Answer 43

jugular foramen (temporal and occipital b.)

Question 44

What is the aperture for CN XII?

Answer 44

hypoglossal canal (occipital b.)

Question 45

Which cranial nerve emerges from the dorsal midbrain (tectum) and lies in the border between the midbrain and pons?

Answer 45

CN IV

Question 46

The skin of the external ear and external acoustic meatus are innervated by CN…

Answer 46

V, VII, IX, and X

Question 47

The inner surface of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) is innervated by ________, and the outer surface by ________ with small contribution from CN V

Answer 47

CN IX, CN X