Exam 2 Flash Cards

Question 1

Continental crust on both sides, divergent motion, breaks continents apart, makes deep rift valleys and narrow new oceans

Answer 1

Rifting zone

Question 2

Oceanic crust on both sides, divergent motion, makes oceans wider and releases heat at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR)

Answer 2

Spreading zone

Question 3

Oceanic crust on both sides, convergent motion, recycles ocean crust, makes a deep-sea trench and an island arc

Answer 3

Oceanic subduction zone

Question 4

Oceanic crust on one side, continental on the other, convergent motion, recycles old ocean crust, makes a deep-sea trench and volcanic mountains

Answer 4

Continental subduction zone

Question 5

Continental crust on both sides, convergent motion, joins small continents into larger ones, makes huge non-volcanic mountains

Answer 5

Collision zone

Question 6

Any kind of crust, transform motion, connects other types of plate boundaries, makes a strike-slip fault with lots of earthquakes

Answer 6

Transform zone

Question 7

Most powerful physical weathering process, requires lots of freeze-thaw cycles = wet climate that is sometimes hot and sometimes cold

Answer 7

Frost-wedging

Question 8

Most powerful chemical weathering process, requires a wet climate, turns feldspar into clay and makes saprolite (clay that looks like rock)

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

Question 9

Combines metals with oxygen in air, makes colorful minerals

Answer 9

Oxidation

Question 10

Both water and oxygen combine with iron in rocks to make rust

Answer 10

Limonite

Question 11

Rocks dissolve away completely to make caves

Answer 11

Dissolution

Question 12

Rotting organic matter, provides nutrition for plants

Answer 12

Humus

Question 13

Pure organic layer at the top of soil

Answer 13

O-Horizon

Question 14

Mix of humus, sand, clay and oxides; also known as topsoil

Answer 14

A-Horizon

Question 15

Mix of sand, clay and oxides, also known as subsoil

Answer 15

B-Horizon

Question 16

Weathering rock just starting to break down at the bottom of soil

Answer 16

C-Horizon

Question 17

Individual rocks fall over time to form talus piles

Answer 17

Rockfall

Question 18

Many rocks move downhill as a jumbled mass

Answer 18

Rockslide

Question 19

Rock and soil moves downhill in one intact block

Answer 19

Slump

Question 20

Soil layer slides over rocks very slowly

Answer 20

Creep

Question 21

Rocks and soils move downhill like soft pudding

Answer 21

Earthflow

Question 22

Water mixes with clay to make a slurry that can flow for long distances

Answer 22

Mudflow

Question 23

Internal layers all slant the same way, usually formed by rivers

Answer 23

Unidirectional cross-beds

Question 24

Internal layers slant in different directions, formed by wind or waves

Answer 24

Bidirectional cross-beds

Question 25

Very large layers, formed by desert dunes

Answer 25

Meter-scale cross-beds

Question 26

Thin layers formed by channels or storms

Answer 26

Small-scale cross-beds

Question 27

Formed by waves washing back and forth

Answer 27

Symmetrical ripples

Question 28

Formed by water or wind flowing in one direction

Answer 28

Asymmetrical ripples

Question 29

Sediment gets smaller from bottom to top, formed when water slows down

Answer 29

Graded beds

Question 30

Polygonal cracks, means sediment was wet and dried out

Answer 30

Mud-cracks

Question 31

Impressions left by rain or animals, means dry land or shallow water

Answer 31

Tracks

Question 32

Rounded pebbles, high energy mountain stream or stormy beach

Answer 32

Conglomerate

Question 33

Jagged pebbles, high energy landslides or frozen in moving glaciers

Answer 33

Breccia

Question 34

Quartz sand, formed by moderate energy rivers and beaches

Answer 34

Sandstone

Question 35

Mud and silt formed by low energy river floodplains, deltas, or in the deep ocean

Answer 35

Siltstone and shale

Question 36

Made of sea-shells, forms in warm tropical oceans

Answer 36

Limestone

Question 37

Made of trees and plants, forms in warm swamps on land

Answer 37

Coal

Question 38

Made of salts like gypsum and halite, forms in hot dry climates

Answer 38

Evaporites

Question 39

---->

Answer 39

convergent

Answer 40

divergent

Question 41

---->

Answer 41

transform

Question 42

Old ocean crust sinks and melts | Small continents form during this

Answer 42

Subduction zone

Question 43

Small 'scraps' join to make larger continents

Answer 43

Collision

Question 44

Form connecting links between other kinds of plate boundaries

Answer 44

Transform Faults

Question 45

Hot mantle plumes, can punch thru the center of a plate, forming a ...

Answer 45

Hotspot | Hawaii

Question 46

Whats in a Sunny?

Answer 46

20 nail clippings 4 son hairs 3 whiskers In custom cup

Question 47

Thick-light weight rock cannot be recycled Old and cold

Answer 47

Continental

Question 48

Thin-heavy rock Can be recycled Young Hot

Answer 48

Oceanic

Question 49

Rocks break down when they are exposed to the weather on Earth's surface....

Answer 49

Weathering

Question 50

What did Lucy do on Face-time today?

Answer 50

Needing

Question 51

What does Keek do every morning?

Answer 51

Meow for NOMS!!!

Question 52

Dissolves salts that travel until they fall out or precipitate

Answer 52

Chemical Sediment

Question 53

Son has...

Answer 53

beans

Question 54

Grains of rock and mineral that get carried until they get DEPOSIT

Answer 54

Clastic Sediment

Question 55

Keek has what color paw-pads?

Answer 55

PINK

Question 56

New minerals drop out of water Ex. Evaporates (halite, gypsum), chert (pure silica)

Answer 56

Direct Chemical Sediment

Question 57

Organisms extract minerals from water to build bones or shells Ex. Carbonates, chert

Answer 57

Biogenic Organic Sediment

Question 58

Rock fragments

Answer 58

Gravel

Question 59

Mostly quartz

Answer 59

Sand/Silt

Question 60

Formed during weathering

Answer 60

Mud/Clay

Question 61

All the grains are the same exact size

Answer 61

Well-sorted Sandstone

Question 62

Many different grain sizes are mixing up

Answer 62

Poorly-sorted sandstone

Question 63

Layer of sediment forms in a particular environment

Answer 63

Bed

Question 64

Other environments make beds that are uniform or

Answer 64

Massive

Question 65

Mags likes to follow _____ around. She likes to eat wet ____ with her medicine in it. When Keek visits they are best _______.

Answer 65

Momue food Friends