Exam 2 - General Methodological Concepts of Research Flashcards
What is a precursor event, condition, or characteristic required for the occurrence of the disease or outcome?
Cause
What is a relationship between an exposure/treatment and an outcome/disease?
Association
What type of association arises from bias and/or confounding?
Artifactual association
What type of associatoin arises because the disease causes the exposure or the disease and exposure or are associated with a confounding variable?
Non-causal association
What type of associationarises because the exposure leads to the disease/outcome?
Causal association
What type of cause has a set of minimal conditions that must occur inorder to cause disease?
Sufficient cause
What type of cause must be present inorder to cause disease however its presence does not always causes disease?
Necessary cause
What type of cause increases the likeliehood of disease?
Component cause
What is defined as the biological interplay of two factors which together increase the likeliehood of disease?
Synergism (i.e. genes and environment)
What is the biological interplay of two or more factors such that if one is present the likeliehood of disease is increased however if neither is present there will be no disease?
Parallelism
What aspect of the Hill’s Guidelines refers to the size of the measure of association?
Strength
What aspect of the Hill’s Guidelines refers to the ability of a particular observation to occur repeatedly under differnet circumstances in various studies?
Consistency
What aspect of the Hill’s Guidline demonstrates that the cause preceds the effect/outcome?
Temporality
What aspect of the Hill’s Guidelines observes whether dosage matters?
Biological gradient
What aspect of the Hill’s Guidlines refers to the feasibility of an assocaition (i.e. does it make fucking sense or do you sound like a squirrel with nuts in its mouth)?
Plausibility
