Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine 2 > Exam 2 - GI (small bowel) > Flashcards

Exam 2 - GI (small bowel) Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicitis in which decades?

A

2nd to 3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Etiolgoy of appendicitis?

A

Obstructed lumen of appendix from fecalith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathophys stages of appendicitis?

A

Inflammation->Ischemia->Perforation->Peritonitis.

Pers causes bacterial infx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is pain in appendicitis? (hint: 2 areas)

A

Periumbilical and epigastric pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Rovsing Sign in appendicitis?

A

RLQ pain w/LLQ palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RLQ pain w/LLQ palpation is which sign?

A

Rovsing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Psoas Sign in appendicitis?

A

RLQ pain with passive right hip extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which sign is RLQ pain w/passive right hip extension?

A

Psoas Sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Obturator Sign in appendicitis?

A

RLQ pain internal rotation of w/bent (flexed) knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whch sign is RLQ pain internal rotation of w/bent (flexed) knee?

A

Obturator sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is McBurney’s Tenderness Sign in appendicitis?

A

Tenderness 1/3 distance from ASIS to navel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which sign is tenderness 1/3 distance from ASIS to navel?

A

McBurney’s Tenderness Sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to DX appendicitis?

A

CT of abdomen. Also ultrasound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CBC shows what in appendicitis?

A

Leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx of appendicitis?

A

NPO, IV fluid resus. IV abx for broad sprecrum anareobes or aerobes.

O.R. appendectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is etiology of Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

SMA occlusion in 60%. Embolic or thrombus.

Non-occlusive=CAD, shock, poor perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which part of intestine involved in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Ischemia of SMALL BOWEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PE finding in Mesenteric Ischemia? (Hint: proportion)

A

Severe pain out of proportion to physical exam findings!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Severe pain out of proportion fo physical exam findings is which condition?

A

Mesenteric Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Location and quality of pain in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Rapid onset of severe unrelenting periumbilical pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PT feels Bowel needs what in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Forceful/urgent need to evacuate bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What seen in Mesenteric Ischemia when ischemia to infarction?

A

Peritoneal signs and fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Test of choice in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Mesenteric angiography. Can ID type of acute mesenteric ischemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tx in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Resus with fluids and blood. Anticoagulation if clot. Infuse vasodilator with systemic Glucagon or Papaverine via catheter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which meds to use for vasodilation in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

IV Glucagon or Papaverine via catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tx if ischemia to infarct in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Emergent laparatomy. Restore blood flow. Resect bowel if infarcted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What to do is bowel infarcted in Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Resect bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the most common form of Mesenteric Ischemia?

A

Ischemic Colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where does in Ischemic Colitis occur?

A

Left colon (splenic flexure and rectosigmoid juncture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who mostly gets Ischemic Colitis?

A

Elderly

31
Q

Etiologies of in Ischemic Colitis? (hint: 2)

A

Hypotension (low flow), thrombus

32
Q

Where is pain and tenderness with in Ischemic Colitis?

A

LLQ pain w/tenderness

33
Q

Bloody diarrhea in Ischemic Colitis due to what?

A

Sloughing colon

34
Q

What sort of acidosis in Ischemic Colitis?

A

Metabolic acidosis

35
Q

How to dx Ischemic Colitis?

A

Endoscopy (colonoscopy)

36
Q

Tx of Ischemic Colitis?

A

Supportive care.

37
Q

Tx of Ileus in Ischemic Colitis?

A

Nasogastric tube

38
Q

Tx of Ischemic Colitis if fail supportive care?

A

Laparotomy w/resection

39
Q

Etiologies of Toxic Megacolon?

A

IBD (Chron’s, UC), bacterial, parasitic, viral

40
Q

What happens size to colon in Toxic Megacolon?

A

Colonic dilation

41
Q

Pathophys of Toxic Megacolon?

A

Total or segmental non-obstructive colonic dilation + systemic toxicity.

Inflammation->NO- Synthase->paralysis of colonic smooth muscle->dilation

42
Q

Abdomen in Toxic Megacolon?

A

Distended

43
Q

Sx of Toxic Megacolon?

A

N/V/D, tenessmus

44
Q

What can happen to electrolytes in Toxic Megacolon?

A

Disturbed

45
Q

PE of Toxic Megacolon?

A

Fever, dehydration, hypotension, tachy, WBC >10.5

46
Q

Dx of Toxic Megacolon?

A

Abd x-ray.

>6cm dilated colon

47
Q

First-line tx of Toxic Megacolon?

A

Non-operative. IV fluids, fix lytes, broad spectrum abx, IV corticosteroids, NPO, bowel decompression w/NGT

48
Q

Tx of fail first-line tx in Toxic Megacolon?

A

Subtotal colectomy w/end-ileostomy

49
Q

What is #1 cause of Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

Post-op adhesion!

50
Q

Sx of Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

Abd pain, N/V

51
Q

What happens to stool and flatulus in Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

NO MOVEMENT!

52
Q

Bowel sounds in early Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

Hyperactive

53
Q

Bowel sounds in late Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

Hypoactive

54
Q

What is visable in Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

Visible peristalsis

55
Q

Dx of Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

Abd x-ray. Air/fluid levels in step-ladder pattern showing dilated bowel.

56
Q

What will abdominal x-ray show in Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

Air/fluid levels in step-ladder pattern showing dilated bowel.

57
Q

What is an Ileus?

A

Inability of intstine/bowel to contract normally and move poop out of body

58
Q

What is a Post-Op Paralytic Ileus?

A

Obstibation (severe constipation) and intolerance of PO intake d/t non-mechanical insult which disrupts normal motor activity of GI tract.

59
Q

Non-mechanical insult which disrupts normal motor activity of GI tract due to what?

A

Post-op paralytic ileus

60
Q

Step-ladder pattern associated with what?

A

Small Bowl Obstruction abd xray findings

61
Q

Tx of Small Bowel Obstruction?

A

NPO, IV fluids, nasal gastric tube to decompress bowel

62
Q

What age gets Pancreastic Cancer?

A

Rarely below 45 y/o

63
Q

Rish factors for Pancreastic Cancer?

A

Chronic pancreatitis, smoking, DM, FHx

64
Q

What is main cause of Pancreastic Cancer?

A

Ductal adenocarcinoma!!

65
Q

Where is ductal adenocarcinoma located to in Pancreastic Cancer?

A

Head, neck, and uncinate of pancreas

66
Q

What type of DM can Pancreastic Cancer cause?

A

Atypical DM

67
Q

Sx of Pancreastic Cancer?

A

Jaundice, weight loss, pain

68
Q

What is Courvoisier Sign in Pancreastic Cancer??

A

Nontender palpable gall bladder with jaundice

69
Q

Late Pancreastic Cancer sign in abdomen?

A

Palpable mass and ascites

70
Q

Dx of Pancreastic Cancer? TOC?

A

CA 19-9.
Increased pancreatic tumor markers.
TOC=CT of abdomen

71
Q

By the time Pancreastic Cancer discovered what has likely happened?

A

Mets to liver, peritoneum, lungs, and adrenal glands

72
Q

Tx of Pancreastic Cancer if stage I-IIb

A

Surgery

73
Q

Tx of Pancreastic Cancer if tumor in head of pancreas?

A

Whipple procedure

74
Q

What does chemo do in Pancreastic Cancer?

A

May improve short-term survivial only.

Clinical Medicine 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions