Exam 2 Jeopardy and Weekly Quiz

Question 1

This is the pathological state in which the heart fails to adequately supply the metabolic needs of the body, typically due to a decrease in pumping function.

Answer 1

Heart failure

Question 2

Which test, if elevated, would provide information about risk for developing coronary artery disease?

Answer 2

hs-CRP

Question 3

What set of tests is most useful in diagnosing an AMI?

Answer 3

CK-MB, Troponin, Myoglobin

Question 4

Which of the three troponins do we not measure in the lab due to the lack of cardiac specificity?

Answer 4

Troponin C

Question 5

This test can be used to help rule out pulmonary embolism.

Answer 5

D-Dimer

Question 6

Which test has the widest window of detection for AMIs

Answer 6

Troponins

Question 7

This test can be used to help differentiate between heart failure and lung disease

Answer 7

BNP, NT-proBNP

Question 8

Name a test that can be used for cardiovascular risk stratification.

Answer 8

hs-CRP, homocysteine, troponin

Question 9

Synthesis of Vitamin D begins in the:

Answer 9

Skin

Question 10

Where is 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D formed?

Answer 10

Kidney

Question 11

Common bone disease seen in small statured women.

Answer 11

Osteoporosis

Question 12

This hormone regulates blood calcium levels in circulation

Answer 12

PTH

Question 13

What is the active form of Vitamin D called?

Answer 13

1,25(OH)2 Vit D

Question 14

Low blood calcium is sensed by what in the parathyroid

Answer 14

CSR-Calcium sensing receptors

Question 15

What effects does PTH have on kidneys?

Answer 15

Increase the reabsorption of renal tubular calcium, Increase phosphate excretion, Enhance 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vit D
(Does not increase water loss)

Question 16

Rickets is a deficiency in Vit D in children. What is the corresponding disease in adults?

Answer 16

Osteomalacia

Question 17

What are the functions of calcium?

Answer 17

Blood coagulation, Nerve cell transmission, intercellular adhesion, and muscle contraction

Question 18

A patient was admitted to the critical care unit of a hospital after their lab values came back as abnormal. PTH values were very low, calcium levels were very high, and Vit D 25(OH) levels were extremely high. It is to be noted that the patient has recently had a change in diet and lifestyle, and the patient claimed historically having a very bad diet. Their general practitioner noted that the patient has recently been taking a large amount of vitamin supplements. Based on this information, what is the most likely cause for the lab values?

Answer 18

Hypervitaminosis D

Question 19

What is the most common crystal found in kidney stones?

Answer 19

Calcium oxalate

Question 20

What is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to increased blood osmolality?

Answer 20

AVP/ADH

Question 21

This protein is known to be nephrotoxic when released from the muscles.

Answer 21

Myoglobin

Question 22

What is the term for infection in the kidneys

Answer 22

Pyelonephritis

Question 23

What test can be used to detect acute kidney injury before creatinine?

Answer 23

Cystatin C

Question 24

A GFR of 15mL/min/m2 or less, creatinine clearance of <10mL/min, BUN of >50mg/dL, creatinine >3mg/dL, potassium >6.5 mEq/L and hemoglobin <10g/dL are all lab test values indicative of what disease state?

Answer 24

Kidney failure

Question 25

When the glomerulus has been damaged, ______ proteins can pass through the glomerular membrane to be excreted in urine when it couldn’t before the damage

Answer 25

Large (high molecular weight)

Question 26

The glomeruli and proximal and distal tubules are located in the renal _____.

Answer 26

Cortex

Question 27

What is the order of structure of a nephron from the blood to the collecting duct?

Answer 27

Glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule

Question 28

How many lobes are there in the liver?

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Cells in the liver responsible for all the major functions.

Answer 29

Hepatocytes

Question 30

What protein binds bilirubin?

Answer 30

Albumin

Question 31

What percentage of people infected with HBV recover within 6 months?

Answer 31

90%

Question 32

What are the two major sources of blood supply to the liver?

Answer 32

Hepatic artery and Portal vein

Question 33

If a patient has a total bilirubin of 5.9 and a direct bilirubin of 1.6, what is the indirect bilirubin?

Answer 33

4.3

Question 34

This aminotransferase is more liver specific?

Answer 34

ALT

Question 35

Performing this test can help distinguish between hepatobiliary disease and osteogenic bone disease

Answer 35

ALP

Question 36

What is the most common cause of liver failure in the US?

Answer 36

Alcoholism

Question 37

If the results for serological markers include: HBsAg + Anti-HBs = Anti-HBc (total) + HBeAg + Anti-HBe = What would that indicate?

Answer 37

Chronic Hep B, active replication

Question 38

This type of jaundice is associated with excessive destruction of RBCs without elevation of ALT levels

Answer 38

Pre hepatic

Question 39

This is a liver disease characterized by a defective conjugation system and it affects 5% of the population of the US

Answer 39

Gilbert’s Syndrome

Question 40

What is the target organ for an infant with kernicterus?

Answer 40

Brain