Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2025 Exam Block 6 > Exam 2: Lecture 22 - Beef nutrition 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lecture 22 - Beef nutrition 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what must be accounted for when looking at effective temps

A

determining when the energy needs of cattle increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does lower critical temp depend on

A

hair coat and weather conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how much does cold stress increase energy requirements by

A

1% for every degree below LCT in cold dry conditions and 2% for cold wet conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is important to remember about changing energy requirements in cattle

A

do NOT make rapid or dramatic diet changes but may need to increase hay and grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the added factors for environmental adjustments in NRC

A
  1. internal insulation factors
  2. hide thickness
  3. heat production from feed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: forages have higher heat increment than grains

A

true!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: grains are more energy dense and increase heat production in animals on poor quality forage diets

A

very true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the beef cow BCS scale

A

1-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the ideal BCS of a beef cow

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does a BCS measure for beef cattle

A

sub-cutaneous fat reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what should the BCS of beef cows be at beginning of calving and remain through breeding

A

BCS of 5-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do BCS affect repro performance

A

shorter interval to first heat with higher BCS which is a GOOD thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: cows with higher BCS produce lower quality colostrum

A

FALSE! lower BCS = lower colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are body weight changes not sufficient to eval condition in ruminants?

A

bc ruminants have a HUGE GI tract so you can have variation of gut fill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A BCS of less than __1__ and above ___2_ at calving will impede repro/pregnancy

A
  1. bcs of less than 5
  2. above 7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the ideal BCS of first-calf heifers

A

BCS of 6….. they are still growing so a 7 will be tooooo fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: after calving it is ideal to group cows based on BCS so you can feed each accordingly

A

true!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

heifers should be _1___% of mature weight at breeding and ____2__% of mature weight at calving

A
  1. 65%
  2. 85%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: heifers should be fed separately from the rest of the herd

A

true!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the minimum CP for a heifer

A

11% CP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a management method that prepares calves for auction or to enter feedlot

A

spread out stressors like weaning, vaccinations, transportations, unfamiliar enviros, dietary changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what management things are carried out by cow-calf producers

A
  1. males castrated
  2. vaccinated
  3. feed bunk acclimated
  4. weaned for at least 30-45 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what 5 things add value to a calf

A
  1. preconditioned
  2. quality assured (injection sites)
  3. individual ID
  4. source verified
  5. age verified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the ideal BCS for a beef cow at calving?

A. BCS of 3-5
B. BCS of 4-6
C. BCS of 5-7
D. BCS of 6-8

A

C. BCS of 5-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what level of ADG do we need to add additional dietary energy when fed low quality hay or during winter/later summer
ADG above 0.5 lbs/d
26
T/F: depending on goals of ADG of 2-3 lbs/d, supplementation varies
true!
27
T/F: if low quality hay is used then they are probably protein deficient
true!!
28
you need at least ___% CP in forages to maintain health and growth of rumen microbes
8%
29
T/F: you dont need to supplement protein for growing cattle
false! You usually do, specifically UIP
30
what should the overall CP be in the diet for growing beef cattle
12-16% CP
31
why does urea do well with high energy diets but not high forage diets??
bc need energy that is readily avail for microbes to use and forage diets are digested tooo slowly for urea to be used
32
what are the risks of high grain diets
acidosis, laminitis, liver abscesses
33
what is needed in the diet for proper rumen function when entering the feedlot
need forage!!
34
what is the transition period concerns when adapting feedlot steers to grain for finishing
need to maintain DMI and adjust rumen microbes to new substrates
35
what is the initial grain consumption of feedlot steers going to finishing
0.5 to 1% of body weight
36
what is one approach to adapting feedlot steers to grain for finishing
1. start with 60% forage, 40% concentrate 2. final diet of 90% concentrate and 10% forage
37
what is the goal of the feedbunk for feedlot cattle
delivery of constant, nutritious, fresh ration in a manner that maximizes feed intake and minimizes waste/spoilage
38
what should the level of CP be in the overall diet of growing stocker cattle? A. 5-8% CP B. 9-12% CP C. 12-16% CP D. 15-19% CP
C. 12-16% CP because it supports growth
39
what is grass tetany
low Mg, spring grass that is high in K see muscle twitches, incoordination, collapse, and death if no treatment
40
how do we help with grass tetany
provide Mg blocks and potentially give IV Mg if needed
41
what is nitrate poisoning
1. fertilized pastures have high nitrate 2. nitrates in rumen reduced to NH3 which produces nitrite as an intermediate 3. nitrite leads to methemoglobin (when there is no O2 carriage)
42
what are the clinical signs of nitrate poisoning
weak pulse/heart beat, staggering, muscle tremors, tissue hypoxemia, sudden death
43
when can we see mycotoxins
various corn feeds, corn silage
44
what are mycotoxins
molds that produce toxins (about 38 diff kinds)
45
T/F: Calves are the most sensitive to mycotoxins and have a decrease in DMI and growth
TRUE
46
what does urinary calculi result from and how can we help with it
results from grains that have high P supplement with Ca to hopefully avoid
47
what does sulfur toxicity come from
usually distillers grains and dry distillers grains due to a variable S content
48
what is sulfur toxicity a risk factor for
polioencephalomalacia
49
what is polioencehaplomalacia
it takes weeks to develop and the gas interferes with cell metabolism and CNS is affected leading to blindness, recumbency, and seizures
50
what are the estrogenic hormonal implants
estradiol, progesterone, zeranol
51
what are the androgenic hormonal implants and why are they used
testosterone, trenbolone acetate common to use during growth/finishing and increases ADG bu 15-20%
52
what is MGA (melengestrol acetate)
a progesterone analog that suppresses estrous to maintain DMI because estrous makes them eat less
53
what is optaflexx (ractopamine)
a repartitioning agent that increases muscle instead of fat it is a beta-agonist that is used in the last 24-48 days of finishing
54
why is optaflexx (ractopamine) controversal
because of the high death associated with it
55
what is coccidostats
used in young cattle and feedlot cattle to control naturally occurring coccidiosis and improve ADG
56
what are ionophore antibiotics
feed additives that selectively target some rumen bacteria
57
what are examples of ionophore antibiotics
monensin (rumensin), iasalocid (bovatec)
58
what are the benefits of ionophore antibiotics
1. direct metabolism towards deposition of muscle instead of fat 2. improve feed conversion by 5-10% 3. improve feed efficiency and decrease incidence of acidosis
59
What must happen for us to use broad spectrum abx in cattle
must be used under vet supervision!!
60
What is effective temp based on
air temp, moisture, air speed

2025 Exam Block 6 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions