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Gross Anatomy > Exam 2 Lectures > Flashcards

Exam 2 Lectures Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Four actions at the elbow joint

A

Flexion, extension, pronation, supination

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2
Q

Position of elbow and arm in anatomical position

A

Elbow - extended; forearm - supinated

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3
Q

What are the bones that make up the elbow joint

A

Distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna

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4
Q

What runs between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon process of the ulna

A

Ulnar nerve

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5
Q

The head of the radius articulates with what

A

radial notch on the ulna

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6
Q

Medial epicondyle is for

A

flexors and ulnar nerve

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7
Q

Lateral epicondyle is for

A

extensors and anconeus

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8
Q

Ulnar is larger more…. radius is larger more….

A

proximally; distally

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9
Q

Position of radius and ulna in supination

A

Side by side

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10
Q

Position of radius and ulna in pronation

A

radius rotates over the ulna

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11
Q

Muscles must attach to what to be involved in pronation

A

Radius

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12
Q

What does the biceps brachii insert on

A

radial tuberosity

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13
Q

Flexion in the supinated position

A

biceps brachii

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14
Q

Flexion in the pronated position

A

Brachialis

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15
Q

Carrying angle

A

lateral deviation of the forearm (looking at the angle relative to the humerus)

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16
Q

Carrying angle in men and women

A

Men: 5-10 degrees; Women 10-15 degrees

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17
Q

When you can assume a fracture that didn’t heal properly when looking at the carrying angle

A

If the forearm is medially deviated

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18
Q

ROM for elbow flexion - actively and passively

A

Passively: 150-160 (bc your muscles aren’t contracted and aren’t getting in the way of flexing)
Actively (or in supination): 90

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19
Q

Articulations at elbow joint

A 
Humeroulnar joint (uniaxial hinge)
Humeroradial joint (uniaxial hinge)
Radioulnar joint (uniaxial pivot)
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20
Q

What surrounds the articulations at the elbow joint

A

Articular cartilage, fat pads, synovial membrane, Joint capsule

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21
Q

Joint capsule around elbow joint:

A

Fibers run in all directions; weak anteriorly and posteriorly

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22
Q

Ligaments around elbow joint

A

Annular ligament; radial collateral ligament; ulnar collateral ligament

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23
Q

Location of Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

A

Spans from lateral epicondyle - blends with annular ligament

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24
Q

Location of Ulnar(medial collateral ligament)

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A

Spans from medial epicondyle - coronoid process and olecranon of ulna

25
Three parts of ulnar collateral ligament
Anterior band - taut in extension Posterior band - taut in flexion Oblique band - deepen the trochlear notch
26
Damage to radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
- Laxity over lateral epicondyle could mean injury to radial collateral ligament - More common injury is to ulnar collateral ligament (even though stronger) - corrected by Tommy John's surgery
27
Oblique cord
ligament that connects the radius and ulna (ulnar tuberosity to below radial tuberosity)
28
Annular ligament
- Surrounds 7/8 of radial head - Act as a joint surface (bc of articular cartilage lining the ligament) - Helps with pronation and supination - Fracture to radial head could cause callousness and get in the way of the annular ligament working
29
Interosseus membrane
Fibrous- syndesmosis (Help prevent proximal displacement of radius over ulna)
30
Elbow is fairly stable in
extension (bc olecranon is locked in olecranon fossa)
31
What kind of stress does radial collateral ligament protect against
Varus stress (stress from medial side or adduction)
32
What kind of stress does ulnar collateral ligament protect against
Valgus stress (from lateral side or abduction)
33
Main blood supply to the arm
Brachial artery
34
Significance of brachial artery
Used for blood pressure
35
Veins
Superficial branches - cephalic and basilic; Deep branch - brachial
36
Boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa
Medially - pronator teres; laterally - brachioradialis; Superiorly - imaginary line from medial and lateral epicondyles; floor - supinator and brachialis; roof - brachial and antebrachial fascia ``` Contents: Radial nerve Biceps tendon Brachial Artery Median Nerve Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves and median cubital vein run over subcutaneous tissue ```
37
Osteofacial compartments are formed by
Deep fascia surrounding the muscles, bone, intermuscular septa projecting from fascia, interosseous membranes (in the forearm)
38
What do osteofacial compartments share
Innervation and blood supply
39
What is the primary arm flexor
Brachialis (bc it is wider, takes up more area, closer to the bone)
40
What flexes the arm if the musculocutaneous nerve is injured?
Brachioradialis (weak flexor) can flex the arm because it is innervated by the radial nerve
41
Which head of the biceps is more medial
short head
42
Fracture to the humerus can damage _____ which would affect the triceps function
radial nerve
43
What are the arm muscles innervated by
Musculocutaneous (biceps brachii and brachialis); Radial nerve (Triceps brachii; anconeus; brachioradialis)
44
To check for normal flexion and extension:
Flexion - condyles and olecranon form a triangle | Extension - condyles and olecranon form a straight line
45
fluid filled sac that allows the tendon to move over the bone and decreases friction
bursa
46
Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis
leaning on your elbow too much, and your elbow bursa gets inflamed
47
7 bursa at the elbow
``` Subcutaneous bursa of medial epicondyle Subcutaneous bursa of lateral epicondyle Bursa of anconeus Bursa of origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis Olecranon bursa: -Subtendinous -Intratendinous -Subcutaneous ```
48
What do you need to generate power from your hand?
A stable wrist joint (too much mobility at wrist is a liability)
49
Wrist is needed for
Gross motor, fine motor activities, gripping activities
50
What is the function of the radoiocarpal and mid carpal joints in terms of flexion and extension
The radoiocarpal joint is responsible for 2/3 of wrist extension, while the mid carpal joint is slightly more responsible for wrist flexion than the radoiocarpal joint
51
What is the distal radial ulnar joint
Articulation between the ulnar notch on the distal radius and the head of the ulna
52
What are the components of the TFCC
disc, meniscus, two ligaments
53
What is the importance of the TFCC disc in the distal radioulnar joint
- movement is radius moves around fixed ulna - TFCC disc is in between the ulnar head and ulnar notch on the radius - The TFCC disc is important because it connects the radius and ulna ends together and it helps make the articulation and movement smoother - separates the DRUJ from the radoiocarpal (wrist joint)
54
Functions of the distal radioulnar joint
- Pronation and supination | - Transmits load from hand to forearm
55
What can you see when you make a fist
- Flexion at your MCP joints | - Flexion increases with index finger having the least and pinky having the most which is important for gripping
56
What motions allow you to make and release a fist
Flexion and extension
57
Blood supply of the hands is
very good supply of blood to hands | -Hands are normally warm, tend to get cold when nervous
58
Explain the CMC joint of the thumb
- Synovial, saddle - Loose capsule - Common site of osteoarthritis - Increased mobility, decreased stability - Site of flexion,extension,abduction,adduction,opposition,reposition of thumb

Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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