exam 2 muscle functions Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
inferior constrictor
A
pulls the lower part of the back wall of the pharynx forward, and draws the side walls of the lower pharynx forward and inward
2
Q
middle constrictor
A
pulls forward on the posterior pharyngeal wall and forward and inward on the lateral pharyngeal walls. causes pharyngeal lumen to constrict regionally
3
Q
stylopharyngeus
A
pulls upward on the pharynx and pulls the lateral walls outward (widens pharynx)
4
Q
masseter outer layer
A
elevation of mandible and approximation of mandible and maxilla; moves mandible side to side
5
Q
masseter inner layer
A
elevation and backwards pull on the mandible and approximates jaws
6
Q
temporalis
A
pulls upward and backward on the mandible; moves side to side
7
Q
temporalis
A
pulls upward and backward on the mandible; moves side to side
8
Q
internal pterygoid
A
elevation and side to side movement of the mandible
9
Q
external pterygoid
A
pulls condyle/mandible forward, downward and side to side
10
Q
digastric (anterior belly)
A
pulls upward on the hyoid bone and/or downward on the mandible
11
Q
mylohyoid or geniohyoid
A
pulls down on the mandible or upward and forward on the hyoid
GENIOHYOID IS INNERVATED BY CN XII (hypoglossal)
12
Q
superior longitudinal
A
shortens the tongue, pulls tip upward, pulls lateral margins upward
13
Q
inferior longitudinal
A
shortens the tongue, and pulls the tip downward
14
Q
vertical
A
flattens the tongue
15
Q
transverse
A
narrows and elongates the tongue
16
Q
styloglossus
A
- body of tongue is drawn upward and backward
- side of tongue pulled up
- tongue shortened
- tongue tip pulled toward the side
17
Q
palatoglossus
A
pulls upward, backward, and inward on the root of the tongue
18
Q
hyoglossus
A
lowers the tongue body and draws it backwards
19
Q
genioglossus lower fibers
A
move tongue root forward forcing tip againsat teeth or out of mouth
20
Q
genioglossus middle fibers
A
front of tongue pulled backward
21
Q
genioglossus upper fibers
A
centerline of tongue pulled downward to form a depression along its length
22
Q
orbicularis oris
A
- move lips toward each other and forward (closure
- move corners of the mouth up, down, toward the side, or toward the midline
- force lips and/or corners of mouth against teeth
23
Q
buccinator
A
- pull the mouth corner back and towards the side
- forces the lip and cheek against the teeth
24
Q
risorius
A
draws the corner of the mouth backward and towards the side
25
levator labii superioris
elevates upper lip
26
levator labii superiors alaeque nasi
elevates the upper lip and nasal segment dilates the anterior nares
27
zygomatic minor
elevates upper lip and pulls the corner of the mouth upward
28
zygomatic major
pulls backward on the corner of the mouth, lifts it up and towards the side
29
depressor labii inferioris
- pulls lower lip downward and to the side
- turns lower lip outward
30
mentalis
- pulls chin tissue upward
- forces lower part of lower lip against the alveolar process of the mandible
- curls lower lip outward (pouting)
31
levator anguli oris
| caninus
- draws the corner of the mouth upward and towards the side
- raises the lower lip against the upper lip
32
depressor anguli oris
| triangularis
- pulls the corner of the motuh downward
- draws the upper lip downward towards the lower lip
33
incisivus labii superioris
pulls the corner of the mouth upward and toward the midline
34
incisivus labii inferioris
pulls the corner of the mouth downward and inward
35
platysma
- draws the skin of the neck towards the mandible
- pulls lower lip and corner of the mouth to the side and downward
- forces the lower lip against the lower teeth and the alveolar process of mandible
36
innervations of the mandible
CN V (trigeminal)
except for geniohyoid which is CN XII (hypoglossal)
37
innervation of the lips
CN VII (facial)
38
innervation of stylopharyngeus
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
39
innervation of the constrictors
CN X (vagus)
40
innvervation of velum
pharyngeal plexus= CN IX, X, possibly XI
expcept palatal tensor which is innervated by CN V
| outer nose= CN VII
41
innervations of the tongue
CN XII (hypoglossal)
expect palatoglossus which is CN X & XI (vagus & accessory)
42
nodules
| structural
bilateral; anterior 1-2/3; callous-like growth; gradual onset
- causes: phonotrauma
| voice Tx
43
polyps
| structural
unilateral; fluid/blood filled blisters; contralateral lesions; not as deep as nodules; sudden onset
- causes: phonotrauma; coughing; URI; NSAIDS; menstrual cycle
| voice Tx and/or surgery
44
LPR/GERD
| structural
lesions near arytenoid cartilages
- causes: reflux; GERD becomes LPR when it comes up the esophagus and enters the larynx
| reflux management; medicine; diet/lifestyle changes
45
granuloma
| structural
sphereical growth above or below the folds; often removed surgically but they come back
- causes: reflux; intubation; phonotrauma; coughing/clearing throat; and/or chronic vomiting
| lifestyle/diet changes; voice Tx; reflux manage.; cough therapy; inhaler
46
reinke's edema
| structural
folds are very swollen, may even overlap; lots of loose flappy fluid filled tissued
- caused by smoking
| quit smoking, then surgery
47
carcinoma
| structural
white surface legions on the folds; stiffness; varied location
- causes: smoking; HPV; causes vary
| surgery; chemotherapy; radiation
48
papilloma
| structural
irregular growths; unilateral or bilateral; can go dormant then reappear
- causes: HPV (transmitted via bodily secretion NOT blood)
| surgery- it may recur but there's no way of getting rid of it
49
hemmorrhage
| structural
broad bruising; may appear discolored; sudden voice change
- causes: phonotrauma; coughing; URI; NSAIDS; menstrual cycle
| voice rest then treat whatever is left over (nodules/polyps)
50
hemorrhage
| structural
broad bruising; may appear discolored; sudden voice change
- causes: phonotrauma; coughing; URI; NSAIDS; menstrual cycle
| voice rest then treat whatever is left over (nodules/polyps)
51
cyst
| structural
unilateral buldge on fold; benign; cyst is deep into the tissue, so the affected fold is stiffer than the other
- cause: plugged mucous gland; cilia hair
| medical management; surgery (doesn't respond well to voice therapy)
52
web
| structural
blunting of anterior commissure; folds cannot abduct well; noise when breathing; shortness of breath; respiratory tract looks like a U instead of a V
- cause: congenital (present at birth)
| surgery- shunt is put in place so that the pieces don't reheal together
53
muscle tension dysphonia
| functional
rough/hoarse voice; deepening of voice; difficulty projecting; throat pain with use, especially while performing; vocal fatigue; sudden changes in pitch; sense of strained or effortful voice
- causes: pattern of muscle use that can develop during laryngitis or improper voice use; stress; can cooccur with other problems (ie. secondary problem)
| voice therapy
54
mutational falsetto (puberphonia)
| functional
abnormally high voice
- causes: habitual high voice use; tense muscles
| laryngeal resposturing
55
paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction
| functional
present at triggers (smells, certain activities); chronic cough; inhalatory stridor
- causes: variable; strong odors, smoke, exercise, work, stress
| remove triggers; therapy
56
vocal fold paralysis
| neurological
folds stuck adducted/abducted or somewhere inbetween; bilateral or unilateral
- cause: virus; surgery; congenital (if the cause is viral sometimes the nerve can heal itself with time)
| surgery; collagen injection (plumps up vocal fold); voice Tx
57
bowing
| neurological
spindle shaped glottis; bowed folds; folds cannot fully adduct
- causes: atrophy of vocal folds; presbylaryngis (aging)
| voice therapy; collagen injection; surgery
58
vocal tremor
| neurological
shaky voice; upper body, head, and vocal tremor
- cause: high hereditary (involves cerebellum, thalamus, and brainstem); thought to be associated with essential tremor
| medication (esp. for blood pressure); botox; some new therapy techniques
59
spasmodic dysphonia
| neurological
adductor is more common than abductor; focal laryngeal dystonia
- cause: involuntary muscle spasms
| botox injections into TA muscle
60
respiratory dysphonia
| neurological
present at rest; inhalatory stridor; adductor muscles involved in breathing
- causes: unknown; genetic; serious antidepressants
| medical therapy -- neurologist
61
secondary to other
| neurological
voice disorder is associated with other neurological conditon
- cause: neurological condition like parkinson's, ALS, myasthenia gravis, etc
| mostly address primary condition; voice therapy
62
salpingopharyngeus
pulls lateral pharyngeal walls upward and inward
63
palatopharyngeus
pulls inward on upper pharyngeal walls and upward on lower lateral pharyngeal walls
| FIXED VELUM
64
palatal levator
draws velum upward and backward
65
uvulus
| only intrinsic muscle in the velum
shorten, lift, and increase bulk of velum
66
glossopalatine
| with tongue fixed
pulls downward and forward on the velum
| with tongue fixed
67
pharyngopalatine
| with pharynx fixed
pulls downward and backward on the velum
| with pharynx fixed
68
palatal tensor
| tensor veli palatini
opens auditory tube
| INNERVATED BY CN V
69
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
| nasal portion
draws the ala upward and enlarges the naris
| the lip portion elevates the upper lip
70
anterior nasal dilator and posterior nasal dilator
enlarges the naris
71
nasalis
constricts the naris
72
depressor alae nasi
pulls the outer nose downward & decreases naris aperture (constricts naris)
