Exam 2 - musculoskeletal

Question 1

osteoblasts

Answer 1

making new bones cells

Question 2

osteoclast

Answer 2

remodeling and breaking down of bone

Question 3

osteocytes

Answer 3

mature bone cells

Question 4

Class I

Answer 4

determines if bone is partially or completely broken through

Question 5

Class I: open

Answer 5

bone is no longer intact with itself

Question 6

Class II: close

Answer 6

only a portion of the bone is no longer in union

Question 7

Class II: open

Answer 7

including the involvement of muscle, tendon, ligaments, skin where all have been exposed and bone is protruding out of the skin

Question 8

Class II: close

Answer 8

everything is contained; skin is not broken

Question 9

Class III: linear/ transverse

Answer 9

across the shaft of the bone (best healing fractures because they are a complete break)

Question 10

Class III: oblique

Answer 10

type of fracture that extends outside or twisted a little bit (“off to the side”)

Question 11

Class III: comminuted

Answer 11

in 2+ fragments; usually cant see since they are in pieces (hard to fix)

Question 12

Class III: spiral

Answer 12

like a corkscrew

Question 13

Class III: greenstick

Answer 13

“cant break”

-barely splintered

Question 14

Class IV: displaced

Answer 14

bone no longer in alignment with periosteum

Question 15

Class IV: non-displaced

Answer 15

intact and bone somewhat in alignment

Question 16

fracture hematoma

Answer 16

bleeding occurs as result of fracture

Question 17

fracture hematoma duration

Answer 17

occurs at 72 hours after injury

Question 18

granulation tissue

Answer 18

Basically it’s the process of new blood cells, fiberblast, and osteoblast going into the area

Question 19

granulation duration

Answer 19

occurs 3-14 days after injury

Question 20

callus formation

Answer 20

development of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium thats necessary to repair bone and re-unionized

Question 21

ossification

Answer 21

see development when bone starts forming together better in x-ray

Question 22

ossification duration

Answer 22

3-6 weeks

Question 23

consolidation

Answer 23

fragments diminished and see bone coming together

Question 24

remodeling

Answer 24

having new bone growth delivered back and getting that bone stronger

Question 25

remodeling duration

Answer 25

can take a full year to fully recover

Question 26

what can you start offering mobility for remodeling?

Answer 26

after 6 months or after ossifications

Question 27

nonunions

Answer 27

bone may heal but not at right place or at all

-requires surgery, antibiotics

Question 28

malunion

Answer 28

bone has union but not in right place

Question 29

angulations

Answer 29

bone heals in abnormal position

-requires physicians to break the bone and realign it

Question 30

pseudoarthrosis

Answer 30

false joints