Exam 2 Parasites Flashcards
(17 cards)
Helminths
Nematodes- roundworm
Trematodes- flukeworm
Cestodes- tape & flat worms
Entamoeba histolytica
Most common amoeba for diarrhea Water/food Oral/anal sex WW DX: *Flask shaped ulcers in intestines -trophozoite and cysts in feces
Dx: Cysts & Trophozoites (release cytotoxic = tissue damage)in stool
Trophozoite (motile) in duodenum-> replicate in colon-
Cryptosporidium
Water
Most common water borne enterocolitis
*Brushborder
Ingest mature oocyst with sporozoites (motile spore like infective agent)
Enterocolitis -remission 10 days/severe or chronic in compromised
DX: detection of oocysts in stool **
Giardia duodenalis
Most common flagella diarrhea
WW
Wild animals = reservoir
Ingest cysts water/food ,fecal/oral
Daycare,nurseries, long term care
Infectious cysts/non infectious replicating trophozoites
Dx*Watery foul smell diarrhea
Trichomonas vaginalis
4 flagella trophozoite ONLY
WW
SEX
Vaginitis urethritis
Plasmodium
coccidia (Sporazoan)
Plasmodium FALCIPARUM =MALARIA =Anopheles mosquito (for sexual reproduction) introduces sporozoites ->to liver to replicate and form merozoites-> infect RBC
Ring stage-asexual reproduction in humans
Tropical/subtropic of Africa
Microscopy parasites in erythrocytes in blood
Toxoplasma Gondii
WW
Phylum sporozoa- Intracellular parasite
Reservoir host= cats - develop in cat intestines- oocysts passes in feces
Cyst in tissue/tissue destruction/ abscess, serology and microscopy
Naegleria flowleri
WW
Soil, fresh water lakes & rivers.
Trophozoites in water enter thru nose->brain
Fatal: meningencephlaitis , intense frontal headaches, Kernig sign, purple to csf 4-5 day death
Discovered postmortem
Leishmania
Bite from sandfly
Amastigotes in tissue
Obligate intracellular parasite
South Europe, tropic/subtropic beaches-sand
Reservoir hosts=dogs/rodents
Promastigote in saliva of sandfly-amastigote inhuman ( reticuloepitheleal cells)
Ulcer @ bite. Amastigote in tissue
Trypanosome cruzi
Mexico Central America
(Thatched roof, mud walls)
Reservoir animals=wild animals/ reduviid bug=vector trypomastigotes in bug feces->bite Amastigote stg in human replicate intracellular, nonflagella in tissues
Acute=Flu LSX
Chronic= hepatosplenomegaly
Meningoenchephalitis
Dx: trypomastigote in blood or amastigotes in tissue
Intestinal Nemotodes
Enterobius vermicularis
PINWORM
Ingestion of eggs
Most common nematode inf in USA
Human only hosts
Highly infectious
Tape-anal folds
NO LUNG, NO EGG in Stool
Intestinal nematode
Trichuris Trichuris
WHIPWORM
1 bill WW
Ingestion of eggs
Eggs in stool
NO LUNG
Intestinal nematode
Ascaris Lumbricoides
ROUND WORM
1 billion WW
Larvae penetrate skin
LUNGS
Eggs in stool
Intestinal Nematode
Necator Americanus & ancylostoma duodenale
HOOKWORM
1bill WW
human only host
Larvae penetrate skin->blood->LUNGS
Pharynx swallow attach to intestines wall produce eggs-> EGGS IN STOOL
Soil with human feces
Pneumonitis, nausea, vomit, diarrhea
ANEMIA
Blood Nematode
Loa Loa
African Eye Worm
Blood nematode
Onchocera vulvulus
River blindness
Tissue nematode
Trichniella spiralis
Ancylostoma braziliense
