Exam 2 Part A Flashcards

Question

Guillian Bare syndrome Syndrome definition (Study more)

Answer 1

Group of sign and symptoms associated with a common pathology. Guullian bare syndrome: Rare but potentially serious neurological condition. (Reported with JJ vaccine) Body defense system attack nerve cells, 2 week following vaccination. Muscle action are synchronized with nerve cell actiom, eventually muscle weakness and paralysis sets in. (Usually reversible) Guillian Bare syndrome: Weakness and tinglinf in arm and legs Double vision Difficulty walking, chewing, and swallowing Difficulty controlling bladder and bowel Often Diarrhea or reapiratory illness for several week before GBS No cure, but therapy availavle Cause: Auto immune reaponsse. Antibidy cross rx to ganglioside of neuronal membrane. Antibody rx Outer membrane of bacterial cell wall Ganglioside on peripheral nerve membrane.

Answer 2

2 types: 1) congenital immune deficiency (primary immune deficiency) Due to genetic defect. Inherited. A) SCID (severe combined immune deficiency) absence of b and t cell. Thus severe. B) defect in thymus development: no t cell in circulation C) b cell deficiency: Lead to antibody deficiency bc antibidy are secreted from differential b cell, called plasma cell. (MORE THAN 120 PRIMARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) -------------- 2) acquired immune deficiency (secondary immune deficiency) Outcome and interaction of environment. A) aging ( less activity for b and t cell) B) emotional and physical stress (increase corticosteroid are toxic to t cell) (Fyi corticosteorid given to organ transplant to reduce chance if rejection because it reducd t cell and defence cell activity) C) malnutrition (inhibit normal production ofb and t cell) D) certain drug, radiation tx, May alter b and t cell acticity E) malignancy (Any cancer leadsindividual to slip into secondary immune defeicinecy) F) infectious agent: HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy pathogen cauzes ommune suppression Hiv target td4 helper cell. Quarter back of immune system. Measle: target both t and b cell ------------- Definition: when immune system fails to provide requireed protection. Increase susceptibility to cancer and infection. Comprised immunotherapy such as vaccination.

Answer 3

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Its a condition (HIv is the virus) Can be caused by other things as well. Remember, this is a SYNDROME.

Answer 4

Congenital immune deficiency (primary) Outcome of genetic. Absencr of b and t cell, thus severely immunocompromised.

Answer 5

Possible disease that may occur following AIDS since it "open the door" Respiratory system: tuberculosis Integumentary: repeat reactivation of cold sores outbreak. Also shingles. Digestive system: chronic diarrhea Nervous system: neurological dysfunction assocoated with HIV (dementia, cognitive change, incoprdination) Immune system Eyes: blindness in terminal stage of AIDS due to CMV associated retinitis (cytolomegalovirus)

Answer 6

Target both T and B cell. Make individual immunocompromised.

Answer 7

Pathogen are parasite and causarive agent of disease in its host. ``` Primary pathogen (frank pathogen). Disease causing microbe, endowed with virulence factors. ``` Ex: helocobacter pylori, tuberculosis, mycobacterium sps, salmonella sps, chololera pathogen. ------- Opportunist pathogen: Found in elderly, younger individual. Cancer px (bc system is on overdrive to kil and eliminate cancer cell, b t cell get exhausted) Organ transplant px (bc on immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection Aids individual Only cause disease when body innate or adaptive defense is compromised. Take advantage of weakened immune system. Could be part of normal microflora. ``` Ex: E coli (normal microflora of the intestine) can cause UTI ``` Pnemocytis jerovicci(carinil) Found in lungs of healthy individual. In aid patients: lethal and cause death due to Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Target Respiratory system of aids individual. Staphyloccus Aureus: normal microflora of nasal cavity, causes wound infections at surgical site Yeast infection Part of norm microflora, adult female urogenital system. Normally outgrowth is kept in check by competiting bacteria. However, long term antibiotic kills normal bacteria and sudden outbreak of yeast infection occur (have nothing to check them) Cmv (associated retinitis in aids patients) Can cause blindness in aids. There are more opportunist pathogen. Can also be found in environment.

Answer 8

Growth of microorganisms on skin. Pathogenic microbes must survive and multiple despite host resistence and defense. Mainly due to virulence factors to help survive and override host defense.

Answer 9

Disease due to toxin ingestion or precense in blood Ex: salmonella intoxication

Answer 10

Precense of large parasite in or outside body Ex: head lice, worms, etc.

Answer 11

Helicobacter pylori survive acid of stomach and causes ulcer. Several virulence factor 1) secrete urease: Urease breakdown urea into co2 and nh3. Nh3 is strong basic compound which neutralize stomach high ph acid. Thus allow bacteria to surcive in high ph. 2) secrete bicarbonate ion (HCO3) Allow to stay in hostile stomach environment 3) lophotrichous arrangement of flagella. Bunch of hair on one end. Allow to THRUST in forward direction and cross thick mucos barrier of stomach and target epithelial cell/stomach lining.

Answer 12

Cord factor is a virulence factors of tuberculosis Target alveolar macrophage. Pathogen has evolved with a cell wall containing mycolic acid that prevent them being killed inside macrophage. Once swallowed they multiply in the macrophae and induce chronic inflammation in lungs called tubercules.