Exam #2 PowerPoint Questions

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

one type of compound that contains the hydrogen ion

Question 2

anascara

Answer 2

severe generalized edema

Question 3

anion

Answer 3

a negatively charged ion

Question 4

ascites

Answer 4

an excess amount of peritoneal fluid

Question 5

base

Answer 5

compound that contains the hydroxyl ion

Question 6

buffer

Answer 6

chemical system set up to resist changes, particularly in hydrogen ion levels

Question 7

cation

Answer 7

A positively charged ion

Question 8

dehydration

Answer 8

excessive loss of water

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

being widely spread

Question 10

edema

Answer 10

the excess accumulation of fluid in interstitial (tissue) spaces

Question 11

electrolyte

Answer 11

found in the form of inorganic salts, acids, and base. AKA ions

Question 12

feedback

Answer 12

the relaying of information about a given condition to the appropriate organ or system.

Question 13

filtration

Answer 13

the transport of water and dissolved materials through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

Question 14

hypertonic

Answer 14

Stronger solutions, compared with those on the opposing side of a membrane

Question 15

hypotonic

Answer 15

Weaker solutions, compared with an opposing solution

Question 16

insensible

Answer 16

not perceptible to the senses. water loss

Question 17

interstitial

Answer 17

fluid is found between cells

Question 18

intravascular

Answer 18

fluid is the watery fluid in blood known as plasma

Question 19

ion

Answer 19

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Question 20

isotonic

Answer 20

Solutions exerting equal pressures on opposite sides of a membrane

Question 21

osmosis

Answer 21

the diffusion of a pure solvent, such as water, across a semipermeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient

Question 22

permeability

Answer 22

The ability of a membrane to allow molecules to pass through

Question 23

salt

Answer 23

ombination of a base and an acid and is created when the positive ions (usually a mineral) of a base replace the positive hydrogen ions of an acid.

Question 24

solute

Answer 24

is the substance dissolved

Question 25

solvent

Answer 25

a liquid that dissolves substances

Question 26

third-space (fluid)

Answer 26

the excess accumulation of fluid in interstitial (tissue) spaces

Question 27

homeostasis

Answer 27

process in which the body maintains balance

Question 28

negative feedback

Answer 28

body reverses an original stimulus to regain balance ex blood pressure

Question 29

positive feedback

Answer 29

body enhances original stimulus to make deviation greater ex woman in labor or blood clotting when we are injured

Question 30

fx of water

Answer 30

transportation of nutrients, electrolytes, and O2 excretion of waste from the cells acid base balance regulation of temperature

Question 31

Normal intake methods

Answer 31

Liquid Food Metabolism of food

Question 32

Normal output

Answer 32

Skin Lungs Kidneys Feces

Question 33

First sign we need fluid

Answer 33

Thirst by hypothalamus

Question 34

Pituitary gland releases:

Answer 34

ADH in response to low blood volume or increase in plasma sodium

Question 35

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system

Answer 35

controls fluid volume

Question 36

ANP

Answer 36

Released by the heart to correct overload by promoting renal excretion of water

Question 37

6 electrolytes

Answer 37

``` calcium sodium potassium magnesium chloride phosphorus ```

Question 38

what does sodium do

Answer 38

promotes water retention

Question 39

when is ADH secreted

Answer 39

when there is a decrease in ECF or increase in osmolalty

Question 40

aldosterone comes from and what does it do

Answer 40

adrenal cortex. promotes sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 41

renin comes from where and does what

Answer 41

secreted by the kidney in response to low BP. Promotes vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

Question 42

RAA system

Answer 42

``` Hypovolemia --> Renin --> Angiotensinogen --> Angiotensin I --> Angiotensin II --> -retention of Na+ by kidney -water retention by kidney -salt appetite -increased drinking -increased blood pressure ```

Question 43

lymphatics

Answer 43

promotes return of water and protein from interstitial space to vascular space

Question 44

skin

Answer 44

excretes 300-500ml o water daily through perspiration (insensible)

Question 45

lungs

Answer 45

excretes 400-500 ml of water daily through breathings (insensible)

Question 46

kidneys

Answer 46

excretes 1000-1500ml of water daily

Question 47

elevated BUN means

Answer 47

intravascular depletion