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Microbiology > Exam 2 Prep 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Prep 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Historically the first chemical to use for disinfecting. There Mode of action is they disrupt membranes and denature membrane proteins.

A

Phenols

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1
Q

D=1/_____

A

Slope

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2
Q

Name some examples of disinfectants that are phenols

A

Cresols, Xylenols, Lysol spices = eugenol (cloves) carvacrol (oregano), Wood smoke (cresol and phenol)

Cresols kills microorganisms

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3
Q

Triclosam is the active ingredient in…

A

Antibacterial soap

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4
Q

Most widely used disinfectant/antiseptic on the market today mode of action denatures proteins by coagulation and dissolve lipids. works best at 70 to 75%.
Works well against most microbes but not spores, cheap and non-toxic, no residue due to rapid evaporation

A

Alcohols

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5
Q

Gaseous sterilization, mode of action inactivates amino acids through the cross-linking of amino and hydroxyl groups, good for heat/moisture sensitive materials or places where only a gas can penetrate, can irritate skin, can be explosive

A

Ethylene oxide/chlorine dioxide

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6
Q

Gaseous sterilization, mode of action oxidizing agents attacking cytoplasmic proteins at sulfhydryl groups causing them to denature, cheap, inhibited by organics or converted to carcinogens, examples chlorination, tincture of iodine, flourination

A

Halogens

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7
Q

Cross-links proteins by binding to sulfhydryl groups, many are toxic to us or bioaccumulate in the environment; they do not work work well in large quantities of body fluids or organics; many bacteria have resistance mechanisms after decades of exposure

A

Heavy metals, Gold copper mercury chromium arsenic silver lead

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8
Q

Naked viruses are ______ then enveloped viruses.

A

Tougher

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9
Q

Generally act as surfactants although they have a alkaline pH around8

A

Soaps and detergents

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10
Q

Possess positive charge so strongly attracted to phosphate group or phospholipids causing the disruption of membranes

A

Detergents such as cationic detergents, quaternary ammonia compounds

Preservatives and cosmetics and Ophth solution

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11
Q

Bleach can affect ______ viruses. Also attacks proteins.

A

Naked

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12
Q

Aldehydes/alkylating agents

A

Rapid mode of action, broad spectrum, retains potency in organic matter, non corrosive

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13
Q

Virsuses are _____ to our living cells.

A

Parasites-use all our cellular machinery

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14
Q

Antiviral drugs. Used for more nasty virals

A

Influenza, hepatitis, HIV

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15
Q

Aldehydes are used in many _______ as a preservative.

A

Vaccines

16
Q

What binds the sulfhydro groups.

A

Heavy metals

17
Q

Fleming noticed that______ did not allow bacteria to grow.

A

Penicillin antibiotics

18
Q

MurA enzyme build a ___ tail onto the nam sugar.

A

AA

MurF does the same thing

In antibiotic currently targets this

19
Q

Bactoprenol

A

Targets crossing cell membrane mechanisms

20
Q

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

A

MurA through MurF enzymes build amino acid tail on nam

Crossing cell membrane

Cross linking to cell wall (transpeptidase aka penicillin)

21
Q

Inhibitors of cell wall are all ______.

A

Cidal

22
Q

Penicillin blocks cross-linking of new peptidoglycan by binding to transpeptidase

A

Hydrolysis blows up cell, chew up cell wall, continue degeneration by Hydrolysis needs to Osmonic shocked

23
Q

Oxacillin and methicillin …

A

Beta-lactamases cleave with beta-lactam .

24
Q

Anything with cillin attacks the …

A

Cell wall. Inhibits them.

25
Q

Mycotic acid inhibitors

A

For mycobacteria family only, non-toxic until enters the cells and converted to toxic form by catalase, resistance by turning off catalase and using peroxidase

Waxy layer many antibiotics cannot penetrate

26
Q

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

A

Bacteria have 70 ribosomes, eukaryotes have 80 ribosomes, different size ribosomes, small/large subunit, attachment and penetration site, start ml stop codons

27
Q

Inhibitors of protein system synthesis

A

Most are static drugs, remember that bacteria have different ribosomes and eukaryotes, relink sugars with amine groups, resistance by chemical modification, streptomycin, kanamycin

28
Q

Cidal- kill

Stute- stops growth

A

L

29
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Prevents a from being linked together, resistance by chemical modification acetyltransferase mechanism

30
Q

Anti virals block…

A

Uncoating

31
Q

Anti viral drugs attack…

A

Viral nucleic acid synthesis

Microbiology (9 decks)

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