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Microbiology > Quiz Questions From Class (all) > Flashcards

Quiz Questions From Class (all) Flashcards

0
Q

Which of the following organisms does not always divide in a separate plane but instead has random division planes causing a cluster like arrangement

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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1
Q

Some bacteria are considered pleomorphic, which means they have no defined shape. The reason some bacteria are pleomorphic is due to

A

The lack of a cell wall

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2
Q

Which of the following best describes Archaea domain of life

A

Prokaryotes living in environments of extreme temperature, pH, or other unusual environmental conditions

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3
Q

The cell membranes of archaebacteria are different from cell membranes of eubacteria by all of the following except

A

They are protein-based instead of lipid base to increase stability

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4
Q

The true phylogenetic tree of life which divides organisms into three domains eubacteria, archaea and eukarya is based on

A

The relatedness of 16 S ribosomal RNA genetic sequences

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5
Q

How does bacterium control the direction of motility

A

The bacteria stops and randomly spins if not going in the right direction

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6
Q

The third amino acid in the peptidoglycan cross-linking chain is either lysine or a modified form of lysine known as diaminopimilic acid because this amino acid must

A

Have a free amino group on the R side chain to form a peptide bond

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7
Q

Which of the following is not true about capsules and slime layers?

A

They are absolutely required for growth on laboratory media

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8
Q

Lipopolysaccharide consists of three parts. One component is always found in LPS and is toxic. Another component is variable and can be used for stain classification of some organisms. The toxic component is______ and the variable component is_____.

A

Lipid A; oligosaccharide.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of bacterial endospores

A

Allow bacterium to survive harsh conditions

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10
Q

You cell is moving towards an attractant by a chemotaxis mechanism. If the concentration gradient decreases, then

A

The methyl group is removed from MCP

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11
Q

Based on your knowledge of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and virus structure. Which of the organisms in table above is not a virus

Based on your knowledge of virus structure. Which of the organisms in the table above would rely on a budding mechanism of release from an infected cell.

A

Organism A

Organism C

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a major factor contributing to the durability of bacterial spores

A

Dipicolinic acid

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13
Q

The purpose of this molecule is too slow virus particle movement so that they do not pass directly through a host, but find their primary receptor

A

Low affinity receptor

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14
Q

Most plant viruses penetrate the host cell by

A

Injection of the genome through the cell wall

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15
Q

Microbial growth is measured by what parameter?

A

Increase in total number of cells

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16
Q

Reduction in numbers of pathogenic organisms so that they do not pose a disease threat

A

Sanitation

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17
Q

Your instructor has you culturing Bacillus sterothermophilus, but you forgot which incubator to place the cultures in. You look around the lab and see several incubators. Which do you think should be used

A

The incubator at 65 C

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18
Q

An organism that expends energy to grow in a habitat with low-water activity and high solute activity in order to maintain internal solute concentrations to retain water is

A

Osmophile

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19
Q

Which would kill the greatest percentage of cells
A. A D100 value of 10 minutes
B. A D100 value of 5 minutes
C. Both would kill the same percentage of cells

A

C. Both would kill the same %of cells.

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20
Q

You prepare test tubes containing solid auger media. The concentration of oxygen at the surface of the auger media is normal, but gradually decreases to O at the bottom of the test tube….

A

Obligate aerobe; facultative anaerobe

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21
Q

Cold sterilization refers to the use of

A

Ionizing radiation

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22
Q

You isolate the following enzymes from an unknown organism—superoxide dismutase and catalase. You can conclude that this organism is probably

A

An aerobic

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23
Q

Which of the following would not sterilize

A

Alcohol

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24
Q

All of the following statements pertain to phenol except

A

It has a mild smelling older, and no detrimental effects on the skin

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25
Q

The chemical counterpart of the autoclave uses

A

Ethylene oxide with an inert gas

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26
Q

If you were cleaning benches or tables on which you would be placing patients with exposed skin, you would probably want to use a disinfectant such as

A

Alcohol

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27
Q

Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are a type of

A

Detergent

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28
Q

Cell wall inhibiting antibiotics block the synthesis of new cell wall formation such that actively growing bacteria will not have complete walls. Based on this idea at what point in the bacterial growth curve are bacteria the most vulnerable to these antibiotics?

A

Lag phase

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29
Q

Translation inhibiting drugs such as erythromycin are selectively toxic because

A

Eukaryotic ribosomes are different size and structure compared to prokaryotic ribosomes

30
Q

This anabiotic does not target the cross-linking of peptidoglycan subunits into the growing cell wall but inhibits a different part of the cell wall synthesis pathway

A

Bacitracin

31
Q

Many young adults get “walking pneumonia” which is caused by the pleomorphic bacteria Mycoplasma pneumonia. Based on your knowledge, which of the following drugs would not be effective against this infection.

A

Ampicillin

32
Q

Isoniazid is of particular value

A

For treating tuberculosis caused by mycobacteria.

33
Q

Cases of Legionnaires’ disease have been linked to bacteria that

A

are found in aquatic protozoans in nature and water droplets in ventilation systems

34
Q

New highly virulent influenza strains, capable of causing pandemic can occur due to antigenic shifts which is when

A

There is a reassortment of viral gene segments during co-infection of swine with avian and human viral strains

35
Q

Nearly all RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of their host cell, yet influenza virus is unique in that it needs to enter the nucleus in order to replicate. Influenza virus does this….

A

To gain access to splicing enzymes necessary for their production of some the viruses genes

36
Q

The botulism toxin induces paralysis in the body by

A

Preventing the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine

37
Q

Antibiotic associated diarrhea is caused by an increase in the concentration of this organism resulting in the release of toxins in the intestinal tract

A

Clostridia difficile

38
Q

Around the world and particularly in developing nations, world health officials report more deaths from this bacterial illness than any other infectious disease. Millions of cases occur every year and possibly billions of people worldwide are infected with this illness.

A

Tuberculosis

39
Q

A mother and her 4 year old son came to the local ER with a 1 day history of mild diarrhea and cramping… whatever still samples were positive for gram-negative helical shaped organisms named

A

Campylobacter jejuni

40
Q

Symptoms include: bright “red rose” spots on skin;sharp abdominal pain; fever. Early lab report indicates gram-negative organism in stool and in the blood.

A

typhoid fever

41
Q

This bacteria acquired a toxin from vibrio cholerae via transduction

A

ETEC

42
Q

Urease, mucinase, corkscrew motility are important virulence factors that allow this pathogen to survive it’s preferred location in the stomach.

A

H pylori

43
Q

Which of the following is not associated with E. coli 0157:H7

A

Rice water stools

44
Q

You are an EMT and are called to the home of Kevin, 13 legal boy has become listless and is having trouble breathing. The parents report that Kevin used to smile,….

A

Clostridium botulinum

45
Q

You were working as a receptionist at the only family practice in a small town while studying to become a physician’s assistant. On a Saturday morning you are the only office…

A

A.) what is the likely culprit…
Cholera, we are two white stools

B.) A Gram stain…
Comma shaped, gram -

46
Q

One autumn in the late 1990s, a number of people

A

A.) likely culprit…
Legionnaires, no organisms in common
B.) given that no organisms were detected…
Silverstein, special agar
C.) what recommendation might you have…
Check air conditioning/ventilation system for contamination

47
Q

The Ohio State health department announced that two elderly people that died during the previous six weeks, apparently after ingesting tainted meat…

A

A) name of illness…
Listeria
B) the usda issued a recall…
Deli meat/cheese

48
Q

Your family is about to watch the Fourth of July fireworks after enjoying a wonderful day with friends and family enjoying good food and fun…

A

A)based on this info….
Staph aureus
B) how is this food poisoning different from others
Fast, vomiting is most common in staph
C) out of this organism gets into the food
Eggs from salad dressing

49
Q

A 24-year-old female schoolteacher was brought to the emergency room after a two day history of headache and fever….

A

A) based on this information, provide the possible disease…
N. meningititis

50
Q

The patient was a five-year-old boy who woke on the day prior to the evaluation with the sore throat and fever…

A

Microscopic analysis of the cells from these colonies would reveal that cellular morphology…
Gram +

What sequelae may follow such an infection if left untreated
Rheumatic fever

51
Q

The tetanus toxin

A

Blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters

52
Q

The anthrax toxin is an A-B toxin and but has three components. Which represents the B part of the toxin and is used to form a vaccine?

A

PA

53
Q

You were working as an infectious disease specialist for the county clinic called to the police station.

A

Clostridium tetani

54
Q

The term spreading factors is often used to describe

A

Metabolic genes used for rapid growth rate once bacteria enter the host

55
Q

The vector in bubonic plague is

A

Fleas

56
Q

The syringe like system that injects virulence factors into host cells and is commonly found in many enteric bacteria causing G.I. illness

A

Type III secretion system

57
Q

You should assume that papillomaviruses what have an easier time and ourselves because it is a DNA virus and our cells are equipped to replicated and transcribe DNA. However, DNA viruses also have interesting challenges. Their main challenge is

A

Our cells only express replication machinery if they are actively dividing so the virus must induce the cell cycle or infect actively dividing cells

58
Q

All of the following pairings are correct except

A

Rocky Mountains spotted fever and fleas

59
Q

You working a small family practice in world West Virginia. And man in his early 50s comes in with a complaint of intermittent fever of 102-103F and headache for the past two weeks

A

Francisella tulersensis

60
Q

Some bacterial pathogens produce products known as superantigens which

A

Over stimulate the immune system causing damage to the host

61
Q

In North Carolina, a young woman was hospitalized for severe headache, fever, chills, nausea, muscle pains in her back and sore throat… If a pink rash appeared on her hands and forearms as well as her feet and ankles. The following day the rash was darker and began moving out the arms and legs towards the body.

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

62
Q

The organism “knows” when it is in a human host so it can inject in key virulence factors, the YOPS, because it can sense the change in temperature and calcium concentration

A

Yersinis pestis

63
Q

Treponema pallium is able to avoid the immune system because

A

It lacks surface antigens that would normally attract the immune system

64
Q

A 19-year-old male college student comes into the free clinic regarding a slight pus discharge and tingly sensation in the penis.

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

65
Q

During your first week working at a free clinic in the heart of the metro, you encounter Dwight. He is a 53-year-old overweight white man with several obvious problems. Dwight’s feet are cracked and blistered.

A

Treponoma pallidum

66
Q

If an organism is capable of oxidizing fatty acid to obtain energy, hydrogen, electron, and carbon. How would you classify it, in terms of metabolic activity.

A

Chemoorganoheterotroph

67
Q

Most iron oxidizers are acidophiles because

A

The metabolic waste of iron oxidation is typically sulfuric acid

68
Q

Rotavirus is a feature not found in any other virus. This feature makes the virus extremely stable contributing to its transmission. This feature is that the virus

A

Has multiple capsid layers

69
Q

Causes of diphtheria are characterized by

A

Pseudomembrane formation in the respiratory tract

70
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes (GAS) produces a surface protein that, anchored in the cell wall and cell membrane, allows the bacterial cells to avoid the complement system and adhere firmly to the pharyngeal tissue. This protein called

A

M protein

71
Q

To the following statements about rheumatic fever (RF) is NOT true?

A

GAS are often found at the site of rheumatic fever.

72
Q

List the three postulates that every microbiology should know..

A
  1. Disease causing organisms injected into subject
  2. expected reaction occurs
  3. organism is isolated from subject
73
Q

Koch’s postulates have become a bit outdated and needs to incorporate advances in the biological sciences. We discussed several problems with the outdated postulates. Discuss one of these problem

A

Doesn’t take into account the individuals response. A healthy individual may be able to fight the infection better than a compromised immune system.

Microbiology (9 decks)

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