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Exam 2 Psych Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Neurons

A

(nerve cells) cells specialized for communicating information

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

widely branching structures that receive messages from other neurons

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3
Q

Axon

A

a single, long, thin, fiber with branches near its tip that sends messages to the dendrites or cell body

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4
Q

Myelin

A

speeds up transmissions along the axon

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5
Q

Terminal buttons

A

releases into the synapse

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6
Q

Synapse

A

a space between one neuron and another

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7
Q

Dopamine (DA)

A

A NT that plays a role in learning attention and movement; a deficiency of DA is associated with Parkinson’s Disease, and an over- sensitivity to its associated with some cases of schizophrenia

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8
Q

Serotonin (5HT)

A

A NT that plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, aggression and appetite; a 5HT deficiency is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicide

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9
Q

Reuptake

A

entire NT is taken back up into the sending cell, repackaged and recycled

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10
Q

Enzymatic deactivation

A

pieces of NT are taken back up and put back together by enzymes

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11
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

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12
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

carry information about touch,pain and other senses from the periphery of the body to the spinal cord

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13
Q

Motor Neurons

A

transmit impulses from the central nervous systems to the muscles and glands

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14
Q

Spinal Cord

A

serves both reflexive and voluntary movement

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15
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

consists of all nerves that come off the spinal cord to the other parts of the body

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

controls voluntary muscles

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17
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Controls involuntary muscles (organs)

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18
Q

Hippocampus

A

plays a role in memory

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19
Q

Amyglada

A

plays a role in memory and emotion (particularly fear and aggression)

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20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates hunger and thirst

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21
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

thinking and perceiving

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22
Q

Methods of the nervous system: imaging techniques

A

ct scans,MRI

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23
Q

Non-Conscious Processes (A)

A

any brain process that does not involve conscious processing e.g. breathing, walking, talking, and chewing gum

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24
Q

Preconscious Memories

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A

memories accessible to consciousness only after something calls attention to them

25
Subconscious Processing (A)
A store of information that was registered in memory w/o being consciously attended to ( most of this info does not make a permanent mark in memory)
26
Unconscious
in classic Freudian theory, a part of the mind that houses unpleasant memories feeling and desires outside of our awareness and not easily accessible
27
Circadian Rhythm
A rhythm of activity and inactivity lasting about 1 day
28
Superachiasmatic nucleus
internal clock; regulates the secretion of the melatonin from the pineal gland
29
Repair and restorative theory
the purpose of sleep is to enable the body to recover from exertions of the day
30
Evolutionary theory of sleep
to conserve fuel and to prevent us from walking into danger
31
REM sleep characteristic *
muscles paralysis;desynchronized EEG ( short choppy waves i.e. activity);irregular respiration, heart rate and temperature, the person is asleep but the active, dreaming
32
non-REM characteristic *
neuronal synchrony, slow regular respiration and heart rate and lower temp, have muscle tone, the person is asleep and the brain is less active
33
Insomnia
the chronic inability to obtain the necessary amount or quality of sleep to maintain adequate daytime behavior ( a symptom not a disorder)
34
Sleep Apnea
fail to breathe for a minute or longer and then wake up gasping for breath
35
Periodic limb movement disorder
prolonged "creepy-crawly' sensations in their legs, accompanied by repetitive leg movements strong enough to wake the person, especially during the first half of the night causes unknown
36
Hypersomnia
excessive but unrefreshing sleep
37
Narcolepsy
sudden attacks of the extreme, even irresistible, sleepiness even in the middle of the day. possibly caused by lack of or sensitivity to the chemical hypocretin
38
Cataplexy
the muscular paralysis of REM sleep appears to occur at an inappropriate time (rare)
39
Sleep paralysis
an inability to move just before the onset of sleep or upon waking in the morning (rare)
40
Hypnogogic hallucinations
the person dreams while lying awake, paralyzed (rare)
41
REM Without atonia (rare)
patients fail to exhibit paralysis during REM sleep in human, the disorder seems to be produced by damage to the brain stem
42
Manifest content
the storyline of the dream
43
Latent Content
the dreams real, but hidden meaning
44
Activation synthesis theory
dreams begin with random electrical activation coming from the brainstem dreams then are the brains attempt to make sense of the synthesize this random activity
45
Neurocognitive theory
treats dreams as just another example of thinking
46
Hypnosis
a condition of increased suggestibility that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist- subject relationship
47
Hypnosis (A)
cannot be forced to do things against their will;feats performed under hypnosis; i.e. you cannot do anything under hypnosis that you cannot otherwise do; hypnosis does not increase the accuracy of memory, in fact they are more likely to make things up
48
Posthypnotic Suggestion
a suggestion to do or experience something particular after coming out of hypnosis. mainly for breaking bad habits *wear off over time
49
Withdrawal effects (A)
as the drug leaves the brain and effects wear off the person experiences the opposite of the initial effects
50
Tolerance (A)
after someone has taken a drug repeatedly, its effects grow weaker and weaker unless the dosage is increased
51
Physical dependence (A)
someone who feels compelled to take the drug to reduce unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
52
Psychological dependence (A)
a strong receptive desire for something without any accompanying physical withdrawal
53
Addiction (A)
the need to have the drug is overwhelming a main focus of life
54
Stimulants
drugs that boost energy, heighten alertness, increase activity and produce a pleasant feeling e.g. amphetamine, cocaine, ritalin, caffeine and nicotine
55
Depressants
drugs that predominantly decrease arousal (when different depressants are taken together the effects are additive therefore dangerous)
56
Benzodiazepines's
sedative effect muscle relaxant (valium, xanax,klonipin,acivan)
57
Narcotics
produce drowsiness and insensitivity to pain
58
Hallucinogens (A)
drugs that induce sensory distortions and produce feeling or unreality

Psychology (4 decks)

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