EXAM 2 QUESTIONS Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
Circulating immune complexes filter out small vessels and activate the complement cascade. C5a attract neutrophils which causes local damaging inflammation….
A
Type III immune injury disease
2
Q
All of the following are autoimmune diseases except:
a- systemic lupus
b- burons hypogammaglobulinemia
c- sjogrens syndrome
d- graves disease
A
(b) bruttons hypogammaglobluinemia
3
Q
Which organ has very low tolerance to edema?
A
brain & lungs
4
Q
Patients with peutz-jegher syndrome often present with:
a- multiple mucosal melanomas
b- nevus flamm
c- peri-oral freckling
d- petechial hemorrhage
A
(c) peri-oral freckling
5
Q
T/F: Grading of malignancy is done by pathologists that he microscope. Staging is done by the clinician to determine distribution of tumor in the body
A
T/T
6
Q
T/F: A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma can be made clinically:
A
T
7
Q
Kaposi sarcoma is caused by the HIV:
A
F (caused by HHV8)
8
Q
The most common cause of right-sided heart failure is:
A
Left sided heart failure
(which is caused by CAD, MI, or long-term HTN)
9
Q
What terminology is used to describe the invagination of the small intestines into itself leading to necrosis?
A
intussusception
10
Q
Patients with barretts esophagus are at risk of developing what type of malignancy?
A
adenocarcinoma (most common in US)
11
Q
The oral lesions associated with ulcerative colitis are known as:
A
pyostomatitis vegetans
12
Q
What terminology used to describe metastasis of an adenocarcinoma to the bilateral ovaries?
A
Krukernberg tumor
13
Q
What is the average lifespan of a RBC?
A
120 days
14
Q
What radiographic term can be used to describe both sickle cell anemia and thalassemia
A
Hair on end
15
Q
Sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution between which two amino acids?
A
valine to glutamic acid
16
Q
Patients with Plummer Vinson syndrome present with which type of anemia?
A
iron deficient anemia
17
Q
Which anemia is considered an autoimmune disease?
A
hemolytic anemia
18
Q
In viral infections which type of WBC is elevated?
A
leukocytes
19
Q
What immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in the number of neutrophils?
A
neutropenia
20
Q
When presenting with oral manifestation, which leukemia has a predilection of the gingiva?
A
acute myelogenous leukemia
21
Q
What low grade lymphoma can be associated with patients with Sjogrens?
A
MALToma
22
Q
Which high-grade lymphoma has a predilection for the jawbone of children and is associated with herpes type IV (Epstein Barr)?
A
Burkett’s Lymphoma
23
Q
A malignancy of plasma cells is referred to as:
A
multiple myeloma
24
Q
Name one medication that impairs ability of platelets to aggregate:
A
aspirin
25
T/F: The right lung has two lobes
false (3; the left lung only has 2)
26
T/F: An aspirated crown is more likely to be lodged in the right side
True
27
What type of necrosis is seen in TB?
caseous necrosis
28
What are three types of atelectasis?
1. resorption
2. compression
3. contraction
29
Which type of emphysema predominates in non-smokers?
paracinar emphysema
30
What are three different types of lung cancer?
1. squamous cell carcinoma
2. adenocarcinoma
3. small cell carcinoma
31
What are three different hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary?
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
endorphins
Growth Hormone
32
Excess secretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal plates have closed results in which abnormality?
acromegaly
(if it was before - gigantism)
33
Which specific portion of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) and is regulated by ACTH?
Zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex
34
Which specific portion of the adrenal gland cortex secretes aldosterone and is regulated by angiotensin II?
Zona glomerulosa
35
Which specific portion of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens and has NO feedback with ACTH?
Zona reticularis
36
What is the oral manifestation of MEN2B?
mucosal neuromas
37
Glucagon is secreted by which type of pancreatic cell?
alpha cells
38
Insulin is secreted by which type of pancreatic cell?
beta cells
39
T/F: Hep A is considered an STD
True
40
A 25 year old man present to oral surgery for extraction of #115 with divergence and dilacerated roots. When pt return... cluster of small painful ulcerations that began as vesicles were noted on hard palate. On palpation, this lesions were not indurated and didn't have roller border.. or symptoms. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?
recurrent herpetic infection
41
What immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in the # of neutrophils?
Neutropenia
42
What the name of oral lesion in secondary syphillis?
Mucous patch
43
Increase of overall size of tissue due to increase in size of cells:
hypertrophy
44
Name 2 periapical pathosis that can present as a periapical radiolucency associated with a non-vital tooth:
periapical cyst and periapical granuloma
45
Name the most common benign salivary gland tumor:
pleipmorphic adenoma
46
Vomiting of fresh red blood:
Hematemesis
47
Which type of colonic polyp has the greatest incidence of undergoing malignancy?
villous adenoma
48
The oral lesions associated with ulcerative colitis are known as:
pyostomatitis vegetens
49
A 60 year old male caries a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris. Which of the following features would you not expect to encounter during the normal, uncomplicated course of this condition?
a- unpredictable spontaneous pain at rest
b- in stable angina- pain is predictable, reproducible, & stable over time
c- it is released by cessation of the event or nitroglycerin
d- variant angina occurs at rest
D- variant angina occurs at rest
50
Stage 1 HTN is > or =
130/80 mmHg
51
Stage 2 HTN is > or =
140/90 mmHg
52
The most common congenital heart defect in humans is:
ventricular septal defect
53
Granulomatous inflammation occurs in:
crohns disease
54
Crohns disease can present as:
All of the above
- oral lesions
- thickened intestinal wall
- fistula formation
- low malignancy
- occurs in distal ileum and colon
55
Ulcerative colitis can present as:
All of the above
- pseudopolyps
- thin intestinal wall
- increased risk of malignancy
56
Which of the following is NOT associated with MEN 2B?
pituitary tumor
57
Which of the following IS associated with MEN 2B?
1. marfanoid body type
2. medullary carcinoma
3. adrenal pheochromocytoma
58
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is characterized by what type of polyps?
Harmartomatous polyps
59
Peri oral freckling occurs in what syndrome?
Peutz-Jegher
60
Macroglossia is caused by:
amyloidosis
61
Carcinoid tumors secrete what hormones?
serotonin
62
Krukenberg tumor is found in the:
ovaries
63
Which is the most common gene translocation for chronic myelogenous leukemia?
T (9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome
64
T/F: MEN 2A is autosomal dominant and has a mutation on Chr10q protooncogene
True
65
High risk of cancer in all of the following except:
acanthosis nigricans
66
Which is not true of in-situ?
has invaded the basement membrane (because in-situ has not yet invaded)
67
Invagination of the intestine itself:
intussusception
68
Plummer Vincent is NOT:
pernicious anemia (affects Scandinavian European women, iron deficient anemia, esophageal webs, dysphagia, increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma)
69
Increased risk of adenocarcinoma?
barrett's esopaghus
70
Meckel diverticulum is a developmental defect of:
small intestine (ileum)
71
Patient has pheochromatoma of adrenal medulla, and nodules in the mouth. What do they have?
MEN 2B
72
An escape of blood is called:
hemmorhage
73
Which of the following is true about congestive heart failure:
right sided is caused by left sided
74
Chronic congestive liver disease is accused by:
right sided heart failure
75
Which of the following does NOT result from MI?
angina
76
Infection of the blood:
septicemia
77
Complete loss of blood supply to the organ:
infarct
78
Major contributor of osmotic colloid pressure?
albumin
79
Edema present in right side heart failure:
pitting edema
80
Organ that edema is NOT tolerated in:
brain
81
Hemorrhage into skin and mucosa sizes:
petechia< purpura < ecchymosis
82
Unwanted blood clot:
thrombus
83
Thrombi on heart valves:
vegetations
84
Dislodgment and travel of thrombus:
embolism
85
Virchows triad does not include:
epithelium
( It DOES include endothelial injury, stasis or turbulent blood flow, and hypercoagulability)
86
T/F: Sarcomas travel by hematogenous route and end in the lungs. Carcinomas travel via lymphatics and end up in the lymph nodes.
T/T
87
Most common tumor of the lungs:
Metastatic
88
Which has the alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency:
panacinar emphysema
89
Loss of sympathetic innervation (aka Horners) causes all of the following except:
exopthalmia
90
Which is most likely to metastasize:
squamous cell carcioma
91
Surfactant is secreted by:
Type II pneumocytes
92
What type of collapsed lung is caused by obstruction of the airway:
Resorption
93
What type of collapsed lung is caused by fluid within the pleural cavity?
compression
94
What type of collapsed lung is caused by local or generalized fibrotic changes?
Contraction
95
COPD consists of:
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
96
T/F: Mesothelioma is a benign outgrowth of pleura. It with decreases with asbestos exposure.
F/F
97
Most pain receptors are on the:
pleura of lungs
98
T/F: Grading is done by a pathologist, staging is done by a clinician.
T/T
99
You can diagnose squamous cell carcinoma clinically:
false
100
Which present with granulomatous inflammation?
Crohn's disease
101
Which is most likely to metastasize?
Squamous cell carcinoma
102
Carcinoid tumor releases what hormone?
serotonin
103
Complete loss of blood supply that leads to necrosis:
infarct
104
Which of the following does not result from myocardial infarction?
angina
105
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with fixed stenosis?
Necrosis
106
Which of the following is NOT a cause of MI?
aneurysm
107
Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect?
VSD
108
Which of the following is not true about infective endocarditis?
Viral infection
109
Invagination of the small intestine on itself:
Intussussception
110
Chronic congestive liver disease is caused by:
Right sided heart failure
111
Krukenberg tumor is found on the:
ovaries
112
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
aneurysm
113
Granulomatous inflammation occurs in:
crohns disease
114
Crohns disease can present as:
a- oral lesions
b- thickened intestinal wall
c- fistula formation
d- low malignancy
e- occurs in distal ileum and colon
f- all of the above
f- all of the above
115
Ulcerative colitis can present as
a- pseudopolyps
b- thin intestinal wall
c- increased risk of malignancy
d- pyostomatitis vegetens
e- all of the above
e- all of the above
116
Which of the following is NOT associated with MEN-2B?
a- intraoral mucosal neuromas
b- thyroid tumor
c- pituitary tumor
d- tumor of the adrenal medulla (adrenal pheochromocytoma)
C- Pituitary tumor (NOT ASSOCIATED)
117
Type of polyps seen in peutz-jegher?
Hmaratomatous polyps
118
What types of polyps are seen in Gardner syndrome?
adenomatous polyps
119
Patient with downward slanting palpebral fissures, Colomba of lower eye lid, and hypo plastic zygoma:
mandibulofacial dysplasia (teacher collins)
120
Keloid is made of:
collagen
121
Which of the following is due to defect in fibrilllin?
Marfan syndrome
122
Which of the following expresses asymmetry?
Parry romberg
123
Peri-oral freckling occurs in what syndrome?
peutz- Jegher
124
Signs of Pierre robin
a- mandibular hypoplasia
b- palatal cleft
c- glossoptosis
d- all of the above
d- all of the above
125
Macroglossia is caused by:
amyloidosis
126
What type of collapsed lung is caused by obstruction of the airway?
resorption
127
What type of collapsed lung is caused by fluid within the pleural cavity?
compression
128
What type of collapsed lung is caused by local or generalized fibrotic changes?
contraction
129
COPD:
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
130
Plummer Vincent is NOT:
pernicious anemia (autoimmune atrophic gastritis)
131
Most pain receptors are on the:
pleura of the lungs
132
Patient has pheocytochromatoma of the adrenal medulla and nodules in the mouth: What do they have?
Men IIB
133
Head and neck malignancy:
Gardner syndrome
134
Yellowing of gingiva:
jaundice
135
Hard palate?
PLGA- polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma- a rare tumor of minor salivary glands; often hard palate involvement
136
Hashimotos thyroiditis at risk for:
non-hodgkin lympohma
137
A 55 year old with swollen gingiva and bruising:
AML
138
What does not have to do with HYPER pituitary hormones?
Sheehan syndrome (this is necrosis of pituitary gland = hypo- after delivery of kid)
139
What is co-associated with Hep D?
Hep B
140
T/F: Mesothelioma is a BENIGN outgrowth of the pleura. It DECREASES with asbestos exposure.
F/F (malignant & increases)
141
Meckel diverticulum is a developmental defect of the:
small intestine (ileum)
142
Barrett's esophagus causes an increased risk for:
increased risk of adenocarcinoma
143
H. pylori can be involved with all of the following except:
a- squamous cell carcinoma
b- chronic gastritis
c- peptic ulcer disease
d- gastic adenocarcioma
e- gastric MALT lymphoma
A- squamous cell carcinoma (has nothing to do with h. pylori)
144
Which has the alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency?
panacinar emphysema
145
Which disease has an autoimmune component?
a- pernicious anemia
b- sickle cell anemia
c- folic acid
d- iron deficiency
a- pernicious anemia
diminished vitamin b12 absorption
146
Life span of RBC:
4 months (120 days)
147
Hair on end radiographic appearance?
Thalassemia? Sickle cell trait?
148
Most common anemia:
iron deficiency
149
CML gene translocation:
9:22
150
Step ladder:
sickle cell anemia
151
Sjogrens syndrome is associated with which lymphoma?
MALT-oma
sjogrens- a chronic long-lasting autoimmune disorder that happens when immune system attacks the glands that make moisture in the eyes, mouth, and other parts of the body
152
Insulin is produced by what type of cell?
beta cell (in islets of langerhans)
153
Thrombocytopenia purpura platelet count would be:
too little
154
Multiple myeloma appears radiographically as:
punched out radiolucency
155
Most common leukemia in children?
ALL
156
Pheochromocytoma and mucosal neuromas =
MEN 2B
157
Universal donor blood type?
O
158
Chipmunk face for thalassemia is due to:
compensatory HyperPLASIA of bone marrow
159
Kid regularly has although ulcerations on the tongue, chronic gingivitis, and bone loss:
cyclic neutropenia
160
surfactant is secreted by:
Type II pneumocytes
161
Histologically similar to parotid:
Acinic cell carcinoma
162
Histologically kooks like Swiss cheese:
adenoid cystic carcinoma (poor long-term prognosis)
163
Histologically a mixture of ductal and my-epithelial elements:
pleomorphic adenoma
164
Most common benign salivary gland tumor:
pleomorphic adenoma
165
Most common malignant salivary gland tumor:
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
166
Salivary gland tumor that favors the hard palate:
polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma
167
Upper lip tumor:
monomorphic adenoma
168
Most likely to be in the parotid gland?
papillary cyst adenoma lymphomatous
169
