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Exam 2 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

How many litters per day are removed from the lymphatic system?

A

three

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2
Q

What two main functions does the lymphatic system do?

A

returns interstitial fluid leaked from blood vessels and filters the fluid searching for foreign objects

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3
Q

What are the four main components of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic organs and nodes

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4
Q

Difference between organs and nodules?

A

organs are encapsulated and nodules are non encapsulated

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5
Q

What four things make up the lymphatic organs and nodules?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues or MALT

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6
Q

What is the difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?

A

location only

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7
Q

Once interstitial fluid is in a lymphatic vessel it is called what?

A

lymph

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8
Q

WHat are two structures that regulate movement of fluid into lymphatic system?

A

filaments

minivalve

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9
Q

B cells turn into what?

A

Plasma cells

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10
Q

Plasma cells secrete what?

A

antibodies

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11
Q

What do T cells do?

A

attack virus infected cells

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12
Q

Monocytes turn into what?

A

macrophages

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13
Q

Macrophages do what?

A

engulf various pathogens

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14
Q

WHat produces T cells and B cells?

A

Lymphocyte

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15
Q

Leukemia is cancer affecting what?

A

White blood cells

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16
Q

WHat do T cells do

A

attack and kill infected cells

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17
Q

What do B cells do

A

turn into plasma cells which secrete antibodies

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18
Q

what do Macrophages do

A

engulf foreign cells and particles

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19
Q

What are dendritic cells

A

an antigen- presenting cell

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20
Q

WHat does the dendritic cell so

A

brings antigens to T cells

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21
Q

WHat structure filters for lymph?

A

Lymph Nodes

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22
Q

WHat structure is a platform for immune system function?

A

Lymph Nodes

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23
Q

What houses multiple types of immune cells?

A

Lymph nodes

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24
Q

Is the spleen an organ or nodule?

A

organ

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25
What does the red pulp in the spleen do?
removes old/ bad RBCs from circulation
26
What does the white pulp in the spleen consist of and do?
lymphocytes and reticular fibers it stores monocytes / platelets
27
What is the site of T cell maturation?
Thymus
28
Is the Thymus an organ or nodule?
Organ
29
What is the site of B cell maturation?
Bone
30
Is MALT an organ or nodule?
Nodule
31
What is a Lymphoma?
A lymphatic tumor
32
Which is an uncontrolled growth of B Cells; Hodgkins or Non Hodgkins?
Hodgkins
33
Which can arise from either B cells or T cells?
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
34
What is the first line of defense?
External Innate | skin or mucosae
35
What is the second line of defense?
Internal Innate Immune System
36
What is the third line of defense?
Adaptive Immune System
37
Humoral and cellular immunity are part of what defense?
Adaptive
38
Surface barriers and internal defenses are part of which defense?
innate
39
What cuts sugars in bacterial surface?
Lysozyme
40
Osmotic pressure balance shifts?
Lysozyme
41
What H2O influx bursts cell?
Lysozyme
42
Phagocytes, NK Cells, inflammation, antimicrobial/antiviral proteins and fever are part of what defense system?
Internal Innate
43
Neutrophils and macrophages make up what?
Phagocytes
44
Interferons and complement make up what?
Antimicronial/ antiviral proteins
45
What aids phagocytosis by coating "prey" with protein "handles" that make it easier for macrophages to bind?
Opsonization
46
What induces apoptosis via cell to cell contact?
Natural Killer Cells
47
What are functions of inflammation?
Prevent spread of infection and increases blood flow and edema sweeps contents into lymphatic vessels
48
What is edema?
swelling with interstitial fluid
49
In phagocyte mobilization, what is the first step
leukocytosis
50
In phagocyte mobilization, what is the second step
Margination
51
In phagocyte mobilization, what is the third step
Diapedesis
52
In phagocyte mobilization, what is the forth step
Chemotaxis
53
WHat happens in leukocytosis
neutrophils enter blood from bone marrow
54
What happens in margination
neutrophils clings to capillary wall
55
WHat happens in diapedesis
neutrophils flatten and squeeze out of capillaries
56
What happens in chemotaxis
neutrophils follow chemical trail
57
Inflammatory chemicals are also _____________ agents
chemotactic
58
What does Membrance Attack Complex do?
Puts holes in enemy membranes
59
In the Membrane Attack complex gets to much water what happens?
Lysis or to cause to rupture
60
What releases pyrogens?
leukocytes
61
What resets the body's thermostat?
pyrogens
62
What causes the liver and spleen to sequester iron and zinc?
fever
63
WHat does fever do to your metabolism rate
increases it
64
WHat is anything that can be recognized by an antibody
antigen
65
What is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody
antigenic determinant
66
What is a protein secreted by plasma cells that recognizes antigens
Antibodies
67
What is the ability to elicit an adaptive immune response
immunogenic
68
WHere do B and T lymphocytes originate from where
hematopoietic stem cells in red bone cells
69
During maturation lymphocytes develop what?
immuncompetece and self tolerance
70
what is antigen encounter and activation
when a lymphocytes antigen receptors bind its antigen
71
what shuffles genes like a deck of cards
somatic recombination
72
B cell activation produces what 2 cell types?
plasma cells and memory B cells
73
Why does Antibody Affinity improve with each exposure to antigen for two reason?
Somatic Mutation and | Competition
74
What does Somatic mutation do?
modifies Abs for 1 degree responce
75
What does competition do?
attempts to bind the same antigenic determinant in antibodies
76
Which humoral immunity is an infection?
active naturally acquired
77
Which humoral immunity is a vaccine?
Active artificially acuired
78
Which humoral immunity is breast milk or placenta?
Passive naturally acquired
79
Which humoral immunity is an antibody injectiom like a snake bite?
passive artificially accuired
80
What does VDJ stand for
Variable, diversity and Joining
81
What do Fc Receptors do
bind Fc regions to antibodies that have found antigens
82
Precipitation/ Agglutination is influenced by the number of what?
antigenic determinants and antigen binding sites
83
CD4 Cells become what
Helper T Cells | Regulatory T Cells
84
CD8 Cells become what
Cytotoxic T cells

A&P2 (11 decks)

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