Exam 2 Readings Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

family stressors

A

discrete life events or transitions that have an impact upon the family unit, and produce, or have the potential to produce, change in the family social system

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2
Q

family stress

A

response of the family to the stressor.

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3
Q

nonnormative stressors

A

difficult to forsee, do not occur in every family, example divorce, serious illness of child

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4
Q

morphogenesis

A

tendency of the family to develop and change over time

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5
Q

morphostasis

A

tendency to remain at a steady state, or follow status quo

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6
Q

types of dimensions

A

temporary v. permanent, voluntary v. unvoluntary, level 1 to level 3 stressors, ABC-X model and double ABC-X model.

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7
Q

vulnerability

A

ability to prevent stressors from creating a crisis situation

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8
Q

regenerative power

A

family’s ability to bounce back and recover from a crisis

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9
Q

boundary ambiguity

A

occurs when family members are unsure about who is in or out of the system and who occupies what roles

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10
Q

vulnerability-stress-adaptation model of marriage

A

model is specific to the marital subsystem, explicitly assumes that marital partners have preexisting vulnerabilities that color husbands’ and wives’ reaction to stress, and assumes that the presence of stress affects the stability and satisfaction of the marriage. In other words, the quality of this family subsystem is partially a function of the stress that a couple experiences.

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11
Q

adaptive processes

A

behaviors that spouses exchange, such as positive communication and problem solving that allow them to adjust to their roles within marriage and to cope with challenges

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12
Q

enduring vulnerability

A

backgrounds and traits people bring into marriage

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13
Q

marital quality

A

couple’s overall evaluation of and satisfaction with their marriage

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14
Q

marital stability

A

duration of marriage, if they stay together

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15
Q

family coping strategies

A

mapping (trying to obtain more information about problem), avoidance (removing family members from situation that produce the stressor), help-seeking, minimization, reversal, blame, substitution, and improving shortcomings

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16
Q

primary and secondary appraisal

A

primary-assessment of stressors and degree to which they are threatening, secondary- assessment of coping resources for dealing with those stressors

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17
Q

communal coping

A

appraising and acting on a problem by pooling resources and efforts

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18
Q

buffering model

A

social support mitigates the ill effects of stress by reducing the appraised threat and reducing the threat response

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19
Q

main effect model

A

holds that involvement in caring relationships provides a generalized source of positive affect, self worth, and belonging

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20
Q

emotional support

A

availability of a family member with whom one can discuss problems, concerns, and feelings

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21
Q

instrumental support

A

when a family member provides assistance with various tasks

22
Q

informational support

A

guidance, feedback, etc

23
Q

Parent child communication during adolescence…attachment argues

A

that parent-child relationships are inherently stable over time in terms of the quality of their functioning

24
Q

Parent child communication during adolescence…closeness is

A

degree to which individuals affect and are affected by each other

25
effects of parenthood on marriage, and vice versa
8 year prospective study Effect of the birth of the 1st child on relationship functioning using data from 218 couples Cross-sectional studies Majority demonstrated patterns of change consistent with an immediate or delayed impact of the transition to parenthood Also a nonparent sample Limitations
26
Types of sibling relationships
Intimate-highly devoted, takes priority over other relationships Congenial- affectionate and close, clearly place more value on marital and parent-child relationships Loyal- adhere to cultural norms, support each other in crisis Apathetic- mutually disinterested and see little of each other Hostile- strong negative feelings toward one another.
27
Institutional criteria
extent to which marriage meets the instrumental needs of- an individual and society.
28
companionate criteria
to which marriage fulfills psychological needs and desires
29
personal commitment
person’s desire for staying in a relationship and is affected by one’s attraction to their partner, the relationship, and couple identity
30
moral commitment
moral obligation one feels
31
structural commitment
constraints or barriers to leaving a relationship.
32
relationship bank account
withdrawals and deposits
33
Examples of "bids"
vocalizing (laughing, chuckling, grunting, etc.), affectionate touching, and affiliating gestures (opening doors)
34
Active listening model
?
35
What four ways are family conflicts usually stopped?
submission (one person in the disputing members each “give a little” and find a “middle ground”, standoff (members drop the conflict without resolution by agreeing to disagree and moving on), and withdrawal (one party leaves the interaction by refusing to talk or leaving the room)
36
solvable arguments
can be resolved
37
serial arguments
Serial conflicts part of family life forever | Serial arguments or perpetual conflicts deeply rooted
38
ELVN model classification of conflict strategies
direct and cooperative, direct and competitive, indirect and cooperative, and indirect and competitive
39
triangulation
a family systems process whereby two family members in conflict will draw in a third member to mediate the conflict or act as an ally
40
pluralistic families
high conversation orientation and low conformity
41
consensual families
high conversation orientation and high conformity
42
protective families
low in conversation and high in conformity
43
laissez-faire families
few interactions and discuss a limited number of topics.
44
parentification studies
Data analysis primarily focused on identifying concurrent associations between emotional parentification and theoretically related constructs
45
Prospective Associations From Family-of-Origin Interactions to Adult Marital Interactions and Relationship Adjustment
The ability of couples to communicate constructively about disagreements and relationship conflicts is a well established predictor of marital health and longevity For the model testing whether marital positive engagement mediates the association between family positive engagement and marital adjustment, the data met the prerequisites of mediation for the full sample
46
U curve
of marital satisfaction
47
hostility=
strongest predictor of decrease in marital satisfaction for wives
48
withdrawal=
strongest predictor of declines in satisfaction for husbands
49
The communication behaviors that will ultimately lead to the demise of marriage are
already in place before the husband and wife marry.
50
Demography
statistical study of human population characteristics, particularly as they are influenced by such phenomenon as fertility, marriages, and mortality.
51
Distance and isolation cascade toward divorce
flooding to perceptions that marital problems are severe to desire to work problems out individually to the creation of separate lives to loneliness
52
Cold feet
Do cold feet warn of trouble ahead? Premarital doubts are common Men more commonly have doubts than women Doubts predicted poorer marital outcomes after 4 years