Exam 2 review

Question 1

3 main biomes of the region (sub Saharan africa)

Answer 1

Tropical forest = lots of rain
Savanna = season rain
Desert = very little rain

Question 2

Population rural or urban (ch6)

Answer 2

Rural

Question 3

Swidden agriculture

Answer 3

(also called “slash and burn”), in which
natural vegetation is burned to fertilize the soil and plant crops. Swidden agriculture
should be practiced on rotation to give vegetation and soil time to recover, as overuse
of the technique causes environmental degradation.

Question 4

South Africa- the three capitals

Answer 4

Pretoria, Bloemfontein, cape town

Question 5

Desertification

Answer 5

The conversion of fertile lands to desert

Question 6

Sahel- what is it and why is it important

Answer 6

A transition zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna’s below it.

Question 7

Pastoralism

Answer 7

Living nomadic lifestyles, moving their animals to different areas throughout the year

Question 8

Political/cultural boundaries and conflict

Question 9

Impacts of slave trade and colonialism

Question 10

Transhumance

Answer 10

the movement of animals between wet and dry season pastures

Question 11

Kleptocracy

Answer 11

in which government leaders use their positions to improve their own wealth

Question 12

Population growth

Question 13

Animistic religions

Answer 13

a sort of ”catch-all” term for religions that worship nature and/or ancestral spirits

Question 14

Animals in the region ch6

Answer 14

Zebra lions etc

Question 15

Human landscape modification ch7

Question 16

Physiological density vs overall pop. density Ch7- which is high and which is low

Answer 16

Physiological is high , overall is low

Question 17

Salinization Ch7- vocab

Answer 17

(the buildup of salts in the soil) caused by intensive irrigation

Question 18

Old, Islam-influenced cities (#1) Ch7
Old, Islam-influenced cities (#2) Ch7

Answer 18

Map picture

Question 20

Culture hearth Ch7

Answer 20

the location where a given culture originated before spreading

Question 21

Islam: Sunnis and Shiites Ch7

Answer 21

*Main division between Shiites and Sunnis after Muhammad’s death in 632 AD
*Tension and conflict between Shiites and Sunnis, especially among more extreme and/or fundamentalist groups

Today, about 73% of Muslim people are Sunni, and about 23% are Shiite.

Question 22

Importance of fossil fuels to economies Ch7

Answer 22

Saudi Arabia is using fossil water to support huge agricultural fields in the middle of the desert.
It’s not renewable on human time scales

Question 23

Arable land Ch7

Answer 23

land that is capable of growing crops

Question 24

Bedouin people Ch7

Answer 24

They’re nomadic and live in the desert

Question 25

Why are some countries rich and others are poor? Ch7

Answer 25

Richer- becuase of oil and or natural gas, stable governments Poorer- low fossil fuel access, political instability, economic instability.

Question 26

Political conflict in the region Ch7

Answer 26

Sunnis and Shiites and Kurds

Question 27

Desalination Ch7

Answer 27

Conversion of salt water to drinkable freshwater

Question 28

European Lowland Ch8

Answer 28

a region of broad, relatively flat plains with lots of rivers and ample rainfall *(Also called the North European Plain) *Highly modified by farms, towns, and cities

Question 29

Size and landscape diversity of Europe Ch8

Answer 29

Small but large biodiversity

Question 30

Religion in Europe Ch8

Answer 30

*Christianity is the dominant religion in Europe, but there are important divisions within Christianity ▫Great Schism between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy in 1054 AD ▫Protestant Reformation in the 1500s AD

Question 31

Schengen Agreement Ch8

Answer 31

allows for open travel without border control between participating countries ▫Also includes Norway and Switzerland (not in EU)

Question 32

Iron Curtain Ch8

Answer 32

a figurative and later literal boundary between the Soviet Union and the West

Question 33

European Union Ch8

Answer 33

Green map on Ch8 slides

Question 34

Ethnic cleansing Ch8

Answer 34

the mass expulsion or killing of one ethnic group by another

Question 35

Xenophobia Ch8

Answer 35

fear/dislike of people from other countries

Question 36

Shifting political boundaries Ch8

Answer 36

During the past 100 years, Europe has been characterized by shifting political boundaries *There are recent trends toward political and economic cooperation *But there are also lingering tensions and disputes

Question 37

Political devolution Ch8

Answer 37

the decentralization of power away from a central authority (Catalonia, Scotland, Brexit)

Question 38

Flood management in the Netherlands Ch8

Answer 38

Dykes/ damns/ leeves

Question 39

Migration within the region Ch8- where are they coming from and where are they going to

Answer 39

Moving from poorer countries in Eastern Europe to richer countries in central and Western Europe

Question 40

Fjords Ch8

Answer 40

narrow, steep-sided inlet carved by a glacier

Question 41

Political conflict resulting from misalignment of political and cultural boundaries- give an example from one of the chapters and describe

Answer 41

Sunnis and Shiites and Kurds in Iraq fighting for control of Iraq since the country gained independence in 1932

Question 42

Influence of physical geography on human settlement patterns in Southwest Asia and North Africa

Answer 42

The coasts usually have a Mediterranean climate so warm dry summers and cool wet winters. This makes more more fertile soil and prosperous areas.

Question 43

Urban primacy, infrastructure, and access to education and healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 43

Urban primacy is most countries having one site that is much larger than any other in the country which limits rural peoples access to formal education and healthcare. Infrastructure or lack of roads in a large area makes it harder for people to get to the large cities.

Question 44

Roots of socioeconomic challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 44

Slave trade *Colonization *Corruption ▫Many countries are kleptocracies, in which government leaders use their positions to improve their own wealth

Question 45

Why are Western European countries wealthier than Eastern European countries?

Answer 45

Becuase of their involvement in regional and global economy